Long Distance Data Transmission Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of modulation in communication?

  • To increase the bandwidth of communication channels
  • To convert analog signals into digital signals
  • To enhance the quality of distorted signals
  • To enable the transmission of digital signals over communication channels (correct)

    • Which diagnostic protocol does V.54 refer to?

  • A protocol for digital signal processing
  • A standard for loop back tests in modems (correct)
  • A method for encoding digital signals
  • A technique for wireless communication testing

    • What does the local ANALOG loop (Loop 3) test in the V.54 protocol?

  • The carrier connection to the remote modem
  • The quality of the digital signal processing
  • The local modem and the serial connector chord connections (correct)
  • The integrity of the remote modem

    • What component is essential for quick fault isolation during remote digital loop testing?

    <p>Built-in BERT that generates pseudo random patterns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of bit-error-rate testing in T1/E1 links?

    <p>To troubleshoot and assess link quality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does full-duplex communication imply regarding the modem's capabilities?

    <p>The modem can transmit and receive simultaneously at full speed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which modulation method is primarily used by asynchronous modems?

    <p>FSK modulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes a simplex communication system?

    <p>Signals can only be passed in one direction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what data rate do asynchronous modems typically operate?

    <p>Up to 1800 bps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of modem operates with synchronous data and typically achieves higher speeds?

    <p>Synchronous modems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of equalizer is manually adjustable for optimal performance?

    <p>Manually adjusted equalizer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During data transmission, what does framing bits refer to in asynchronous modems?

    <p>Bits that contain both the start and end of transmission.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of equalizers in synchronous modems?

    <p>To offset the misfit of the telephone lines.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the usual downstream rate provided by XDSL configurations?

    <p>3.2 Mbps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of voice-grade modems?

    <p>They can connect with unlimited destination using high data rates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which XDSL variant provides up to 52 Mbps in one direction?

    <p>VDSL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of XDSL configuration is generally more suitable for video-conferencing?

    <p>Symmetric</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true regarding dial-up modems?

    <p>They can establish connections using manual or automatic dialing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes leased lines from dialed connections?

    <p>Leased lines are dedicated and have guaranteed quality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distance limitation of a standard Ethernet connection before it requires an extender?

    <p>100 meters (330 ft)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are wideband modems primarily used?

    <p>In large-volume telephone-line multiplexing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following XDSL technologies operates over two pairs and can provide a rate of 2.048 Mbps?

    <p>HDSL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does half duplex operation mean?

    <p>Signals can only be sent in one direction at a time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which configuration has higher bandwidth in one direction and is typically used for web browsing?

    <p>Asymmetric DSL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a notable feature of full duplex communication?

    <p>Both sending and receiving signals occur simultaneously.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum upstream data rate provided by S-HDSL?

    <p>768 Kbps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are line drivers considered cheap and tiny?

    <p>They lack a power supply and utilize signal voltage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What technology does RADSL extend in terms of data rate management?

    <p>ADSL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What could be a limitation of using dialed connections compared to leased lines?

    <p>Dialed connections usually have guaranteed specifications.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of using fiber optic cabling over copper wiring for data transmission?

    <p>Complete immunity to electromagnetic interference</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What maximum distance can a 2BASE-TL LAN extender cover?

    <p>2700 m</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which encoding method is NOT mentioned as being used by network extenders?

    <p>8B/10B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What minimum data rate can a 10PASS-TS LAN extender achieve?

    <p>10 Mbit/s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the function of media converters?

    <p>To connect copper Ethernet equipment over fiber optic links</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the limitations of copper-based Ethernet connections?

    <p>Limited to 100 meters in distance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant feature of the 10PASS-TS LAN extender?

    <p>Enables full-duplex communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of technology does the 2BASE-TL LAN extender utilize?

    <p>ITU-T G.991.2 (G.SHDSL.bis)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of ADSL compared to traditional modems?

    <p>It offers higher downstream speeds than upstream.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the 'X' in XDSL represent?

    <p>The different types of DSL technologies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the bandwidth of the local loop limited to 4 KHz for traditional voice communication?

    <p>To support voice transmission only.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the theoretical maximum bandwidth that a twisted-pair local loop can handle?

    <p>1.1 MHz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor does NOT affect the bandwidth available for ADSL?

    <p>Time of day.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For which type of customer is ADSL service generally unsuitable?

    <p>Business customers who need large bandwidth in both directions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the full bandwidth of 1.1 MHz if the filter at the end office is removed?

    <p>The bandwidth for data and voice communications becomes fully available.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of DSL referenced in the text?

    <p>HSDL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of a modem in data transmission over analog systems?

    <p>To modulate digital data into analog signals for transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which coding system is similar to the binary system utilized by modems for data transmission?

    <p>ASCII</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the operational frequency range of traditional analog telephone lines designed for voice communication?

    <p>300-4000 cycles per second</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which modulation method is implicated in the term 'modem'?

    <p>Modulation and Demodulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature is NOT characteristic of the Plain Old Telephone System?

    <p>Designed for digital signal transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way does a modem adapt digital signals for transmission over the PSTN?

    <p>It converts digital signals into electronic analog signals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is typically considered a limitation of the PSTN when transmitting internet data?

    <p>Insufficient bandwidth for digital signals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of signals does POTS primarily handle?

    <p>Low-frequency analog signals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following characteristics is associated with synchronous modems?

    <p>They operate in the audio domain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary feature of asynchronous modems?

    <p>They operate without a specified clock and use data blocks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of equalizer is typically used in synchronous modems to adjust for telephone line misfit?

    <p>Fixed/statistical equalizer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes simplex communication systems from full-duplex ones?

    <p>Full-duplex allows for simultaneous data transmission and reception.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do framing bits serve in the operation of asynchronous modems?

    <p>To indicate the start and end of data characters.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of re-tuning equalizers in modems?

    <p>To adjust to the line parameters and maintain optimal conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which modulation type is predominantly used by asynchronous modems?

    <p>FSK (Frequency Shift Keying)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is true for synchronous modems compared to asynchronous modems?

    <p>They typically achieve higher data transmission rates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately reflects the capabilities of full-duplex systems?

    <p>They transmit and receive data at full speed simultaneously.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How often do automatic equalizers sample the line for adjustments?

    <p>2400 times in a second.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of modems typically operates in the range of up to 1800 bps?

    <p>Asynchronous modems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic feature of synchronous data communication?

    <p>The data is grouped in blocks accompanied by a clock signal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key function of equalizers in a modem?

    <p>To continuously adjust to changes in line quality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What protocol types could be involved in framing for synchronous modems?

    <p>BISYNC, SDLC, and HDLC.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is most critical to the performance of a Split System Modem (SSM)?

    <p>The quality of the analog media used.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What disadvantage do digital signals face when transmitted over analog channels?

    <p>They experience distortion from the analog medium.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of modulation in digital communication systems?

    <p>To convert digital signals to analog signals for transmission.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the remote digital loop (Loop 2) test in the V.54 protocol?

    <p>The integrity of both local and remote modems including connections.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which diagnostic capability is NOT typically available in base band modems according to the V.54 protocol?

    <p>Remote ANALOG loop testing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the primary uses of bit-error-rate testing in communication links?

    <p>To resolve issues and test the quality of the communication links.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about loopback tests in modulation is accurate?

    <p>Digital loopback tests can include both local and remote diagnostics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic defines ADSL compared to traditional modem technology?

    <p>Delivers higher bit rates in the downstream direction than upstream.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential bandwidth of a twisted-pair local loop as theorized?

    <p>1.1 MHz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is ADSL not suitable for business customers requiring symmetric bandwidth?

    <p>The bandwidth is specifically allocated unevenly favoring downstream transmission.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact does the distance between a residence and the switching office have on ADSL performance?

    <p>It influences the actual bandwidth that can be achieved.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the available bandwidth of a local loop when the end office filter is removed?

    <p>It allows the entire 1.1 MHz bandwidth to become available.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which DSL technology is indicated by the 'S' in XDSL?

    <p>Symmetrical DSL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do environmental factors play in the functionality of ADSL?

    <p>They significantly influence the achievable bandwidth and connection stability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a distinguishing feature of leased lines compared to dial-up connections?

    <p>Leased lines guarantee specific transmission characteristics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common misconception about ADSL regarding the connectors used?

    <p>It uses the existing local copper loops, making it incompatible with modern technology.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of operation mode, which statement best describes full duplex communication?

    <p>It enables simultaneous transmission in both directions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements accurately distinguishes wideband modems from voice-grade modems?

    <p>Wideband modems are utilized in large-volume telephone-line multiplexing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What classification describes modems that can establish a connection over PSTN with variable quality?

    <p>Dial-up modems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of voice-grade modems related to their data handling capabilities?

    <p>They require a sophisticated maintenance process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When considering the factors affecting communication links, what is a notable difference between dedicated and dialed connections?

    <p>Dedicated connections ensure minimal impairment from delay distortion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which configuration is essential for the full duplex operation on a 2-wire line?

    <p>Separation of incoming and outgoing signals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary limitation of dial-up modems related to the circuit quality?

    <p>The circuit quality cannot be guaranteed by phone companies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Long Distance Data Transmission

    • Topics covered include Modems, diagnostics, Digital Subscriber Loop (DSL), and extending networks with LAN extenders and media converters for internet/railnet connectivity.

    Modem

    • A modem is a device, like a telephone for a computer, allowing digital devices (like computers) to communicate over analog telephone systems.
    • The conventional Plain Old Telephone System (POTS) or PSTN is over 100 years old and designed for analog voice signals (300-4000 cycles per second).
    • Modems convert digital data into analog signals for transmission over the PSTN, and then back to digital at the receiving end.
    • The acronym "modem" combines "modulate" and "demodulate".
    • Data is sent over telephone lines sequentially, similar to telegraph systems (Morse Code), using a binary coding system called ASCII. ASCII represents characters (alphabet, punctuation, numbers) with unique sequences of 7 bits.
    • Modems can send data at rates from 300 to 56,000 bits per second (bps).

    Modem Classification by Range

    • Short Haul: Used for short distances (up to 15km) on private lines. Less expensive but sensitive to distance. No circuitry for carrier frequency or noise correction.
    • Voice Grade (VG): Used for moderate to high rates over leased lines or dial-up connections. Used in moderate to high data rate applications. More expensive.
    • Wideband: Used for high-volume connections, like dedicated computer-to-computer links. High data rates.

    Modem Classification by Operation Mode

    • Half Duplex: Signals can be transmitted in either direction, but not simultaneously.
    • Full Duplex: Signals are transmitted in both directions simultaneously.
    • Simplex: Signals can only be transmitted in one direction.

    Modem Classification by Synchronization

    • Asynchronous: Used for slow to moderate rates (up to 1800 bps). Uses FSK modulation and two frequencies for transmission and two for receiving. Data is grouped into blocks with start and stop bits (typically ASCII).
    • Synchronous: Used for high rates. Synchronous data is grouped into blocks with framing codes, and the modem is expected to be transparent to the data blocks. This data format is suitable for protocol data formats like BISYNC, SDLC, or HDLC.

    Modem Diagnostics

    • Built-in loop diagnostics (V.54 protocol) test leased line integrity (Serial connector, cable, local/remote modem, carrier connection).
    • Testing includes local/remote loopbacks (digital and analog).

    Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) and XDSL Modems

    • DSL technology provides high-speed digital communication over existing local loops.
    • XDSL encompasses various technologies (ADSL, VDSL, HDSL, SDSL) differing in first letter where X can be replaced by A,V,H, or S, with different speed and direction characteristics.
    • ADSL (Asymmetric DSL): Provides higher speed downstream than upstream. Uses DMT (Discrete Multitone Technique) division of bandwidth into channels for voice and data.
    • HDSL (High-bit-rate DSL): Like T-1 lines, but more resistant to attenuation over distance. Uses 2B1Q encoding and two twisted pairs.
    • SDSL (Symmetric DSL): Provides symmetric upstream and downstream bandwidth. Suitable as an alternative to ADSL but not for heavy data transmission.
    • VDSL (Very high-bit-rate DSL): Used for short distances (3000-10,000ft) with high modulating rates . Uses DMT and fiber optics (or fiber-optic coaxial)

    LAN extenders

    • LAN extenders increase Ethernet network distances beyond typical copper cabling limitations (100 meters).
    • They use copper and/or optical fibers to extend links over longer distances.

    Media Converters

    • Media converters enable UTP (copper) Ethernet equipment to link over fiber optic.
    • They extend the reach of Ethernet links.
    • They protect data from noise and interference.
    • They can enable future-proofing of networks with bandwidth expansion.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on long distance data transmission concepts including modems, DSL, and network extensions. Explore how modems function, their history, and the role of ASCII in data transmission. This quiz is essential for anyone studying telecommunications and internet connectivity.

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