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Questions and Answers
Wide Area Networks may include the public switched network or leased portions of the network for private ______
Wide Area Networks may include the public switched network or leased portions of the network for private ______
lines
When a LAN wants to communicate with the outside world, it will do so using one of the wide area technologies described in this chapter—or, at a minimum, it will employ a means that can trace its parentage back to one of these ______
When a LAN wants to communicate with the outside world, it will do so using one of the wide area technologies described in this chapter—or, at a minimum, it will employ a means that can trace its parentage back to one of these ______
technologies
New students of data communications may wonder why wireline modems were first used and why they were so ______, particularly if they remember their own experience with the Internet and 56 Kbps modems
New students of data communications may wonder why wireline modems were first used and why they were so ______, particularly if they remember their own experience with the Internet and 56 Kbps modems
slow
Industrial control systems use LANs and are not normally run over a ______
Industrial control systems use LANs and are not normally run over a ______
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Layer 1, the Physical layer, provides the physical connection—the electrical and mechanical means to establish, maintain, and end physical connections between Data Link ______
Layer 1, the Physical layer, provides the physical connection—the electrical and mechanical means to establish, maintain, and end physical connections between Data Link ______
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Since the length of the line introduces distortions and line losses to electrical signals that have a large direct current component, an alternating current is used as a carrier for the ______
Since the length of the line introduces distortions and line losses to electrical signals that have a large direct current component, an alternating current is used as a carrier for the ______
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This is accomplished through the process of modulation and demodulation, which is a method for translating frequencies by taking the DC signaling rate and transforming it into a higher frequency range, thus eliminating the DC ______
This is accomplished through the process of modulation and demodulation, which is a method for translating frequencies by taking the DC signaling rate and transforming it into a higher frequency range, thus eliminating the DC ______
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Modulation consists of modifying some sort of carrier with some sort of ______
Modulation consists of modifying some sort of carrier with some sort of ______
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Since almost all electrical communications over any great distance or at a high rate of speed use one or more modulation techniques, grasping them is essential to understanding industrial applications in which data is normally transferred some ______
Since almost all electrical communications over any great distance or at a high rate of speed use one or more modulation techniques, grasping them is essential to understanding industrial applications in which data is normally transferred some ______
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Why is modulation ______
Why is modulation ______
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The MNP-__ comes in various flavors, the first five have been released to the public domain
The MNP-__ comes in various flavors, the first five have been released to the public domain
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MNPs 3 through 5 address a range of parameters, including losing the start and stop bits, for a 20 percent gain in ______
MNPs 3 through 5 address a range of parameters, including losing the start and stop bits, for a 20 percent gain in ______
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MNPs 6 through 10 are still in the proprietary domain, meaning that it is necessary to have modems that have the appropriate level of MNP software at both ends of the data ______
MNPs 6 through 10 are still in the proprietary domain, meaning that it is necessary to have modems that have the appropriate level of MNP software at both ends of the data ______
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V.42 employs the LAP-M frame and uses code lists to represent strings of characters, replacing the strings with the shorter code lists to perform data ______
V.42 employs the LAP-M frame and uses code lists to represent strings of characters, replacing the strings with the shorter code lists to perform data ______
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Part of modern modem operation is a process called ______ or negotiation
Part of modern modem operation is a process called ______ or negotiation
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On the way to the current modem standards, a variety of techniques were developed to permit high-speed data transmission over a 3 KHz ______
On the way to the current modem standards, a variety of techniques were developed to permit high-speed data transmission over a 3 KHz ______
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Modems are used for frequency translation, and wireline modems comprise only a small segment of those ______
Modems are used for frequency translation, and wireline modems comprise only a small segment of those ______
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A WAN is commonly understood to be one that serves geographically separated ______
A WAN is commonly understood to be one that serves geographically separated ______
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Intercity links can be considered as WANs and usually operate at 1 ______
Intercity links can be considered as WANs and usually operate at 1 ______
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ISDN was designed to offer voice, data, and video, all integrated into one service and generally distributed throughout the local area, as long as the on-premises equipment was not more than ______ m from the central office
ISDN was designed to offer voice, data, and video, all integrated into one service and generally distributed throughout the local area, as long as the on-premises equipment was not more than ______ m from the central office
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Frame relay speeds typically start out at ______ Kbps and can go as high as you have the pocket money to afford
Frame relay speeds typically start out at ______ Kbps and can go as high as you have the pocket money to afford
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Frame relay DDS provides ______ Kbps with no CIR, using the DDS-type tariffs
Frame relay DDS provides ______ Kbps with no CIR, using the DDS-type tariffs
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A T1 carrier is a 24 digital-voice channel, time-division multiplexed signal – It multiplexes the outputs of 24 DS0 channels onto one ______ Mbps line
A T1 carrier is a 24 digital-voice channel, time-division multiplexed signal – It multiplexes the outputs of 24 DS0 channels onto one ______ Mbps line
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T3, which is also an international standard known as DS3, consists of ______ T1 lines
T3, which is also an international standard known as DS3, consists of ______ T1 lines
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DDS was originally a leased-line service that offered data rates from 300 to ______ bps, as AT&T Digital Data Service it offers bit rates from 2.
DDS was originally a leased-line service that offered data rates from 300 to ______ bps, as AT&T Digital Data Service it offers bit rates from 2.
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ISDN did achieve a degree of popularity in the United States, not as an integrated service medium but for relatively fast Internet access from 1990 to ______
ISDN did achieve a degree of popularity in the United States, not as an integrated service medium but for relatively fast Internet access from 1990 to ______
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Frame relay may be used to connect corporate LANs, and the present-day cost per single channel is low enough for industrial use, particularly if the frame relay Digital Data Service is used – Frame relay DDS provides ______ Kbps with no CIR
Frame relay may be used to connect corporate LANs, and the present-day cost per single channel is low enough for industrial use, particularly if the frame relay Digital Data Service is used – Frame relay DDS provides ______ Kbps with no CIR
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A T1 carrier is a 24 digital-voice channel, time-division multiplexed signal – It multiplexes the outputs of ______ DS0 channels onto one 1.544 Mbps line
A T1 carrier is a 24 digital-voice channel, time-division multiplexed signal – It multiplexes the outputs of ______ DS0 channels onto one 1.544 Mbps line
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The integrated services digital network service was designed to offer voice, data, and video, all integrated into one service and generally distributed throughout the local area, as long as the on-premises equipment was not more than ______ m from the central office
The integrated services digital network service was designed to offer voice, data, and video, all integrated into one service and generally distributed throughout the local area, as long as the on-premises equipment was not more than ______ m from the central office
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Frame relay speeds typically start out at ______ Kbps and can go as high as you have the pocket money to afford
Frame relay speeds typically start out at ______ Kbps and can go as high as you have the pocket money to afford
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T3, which is also an international standard known as DS3, consists of ______ T1 lines
T3, which is also an international standard known as DS3, consists of ______ T1 lines
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The T1 carrier data rate is _____ Mbps
The T1 carrier data rate is _____ Mbps
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The public switched telephone network began to become digital in the _____
The public switched telephone network began to become digital in the _____
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The phone company digitizes your voice using an _____ kHz sampling rate
The phone company digitizes your voice using an _____ kHz sampling rate
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The continuous data rate of digitized voice is _____ Kbps
The continuous data rate of digitized voice is _____ Kbps
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The DDD system is still used for calls outside the so-called _____ access and transport area
The DDD system is still used for calls outside the so-called _____ access and transport area
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In North America, the ten-digit LATA number includes a three-digit area-code prefix to the normal number, which is a three-digit central office and a four-digit _____ number
In North America, the ten-digit LATA number includes a three-digit area-code prefix to the normal number, which is a three-digit central office and a four-digit _____ number
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For land line data transmission, the home computer transmission is digital to the modem, converted to analog to go over the subscriber line to the central office , and converted to digital for _____ lines
For land line data transmission, the home computer transmission is digital to the modem, converted to analog to go over the subscriber line to the central office , and converted to digital for _____ lines
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Calls in the LATA or inter-LATA can be routed in many ways: by radio link, satellite, wireline, microwave, or _____ optics
Calls in the LATA or inter-LATA can be routed in many ways: by radio link, satellite, wireline, microwave, or _____ optics
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For land line data transmission, some long lines are still analog and connect to trunk lines where the circuit is converted from a two-wire to a four-wire _____
For land line data transmission, some long lines are still analog and connect to trunk lines where the circuit is converted from a two-wire to a four-wire _____
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Packet assembly/disassembly device breaks up a digital data stream into packets or fragments of packets, each packet includes its destination and source address, perhaps with packet control and data as well so the packet may be _____ rather than routed
Packet assembly/disassembly device breaks up a digital data stream into packets or fragments of packets, each packet includes its destination and source address, perhaps with packet control and data as well so the packet may be _____ rather than routed
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CCITT Recommendation X is related to _____ switching
CCITT Recommendation X is related to _____ switching
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Wireline data transmission is often perceived as instantaneous due to short lengths of wire and effects like turning on car headlights. However, long lengths of wire introduce ______ and ______, affecting the transmitted signal.
Wireline data transmission is often perceived as instantaneous due to short lengths of wire and effects like turning on car headlights. However, long lengths of wire introduce ______ and ______, affecting the transmitted signal.
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A square wave can be modeled using its fundamental frequency and ______ harmonics.
A square wave can be modeled using its fundamental frequency and ______ harmonics.
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Sine waves are used as carriers due to their inability to be integrated or differentiated ______.
Sine waves are used as carriers due to their inability to be integrated or differentiated ______.
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Amplitude, frequency, and ______ are the three characteristics of a carrier that can be modified.
Amplitude, frequency, and ______ are the three characteristics of a carrier that can be modified.
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Amplitude modulation changes the carrier's amplitude according to the ______ signal.
Amplitude modulation changes the carrier's amplitude according to the ______ signal.
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Frequency modulation varies the carrier's frequency based on the amplitude of the ______ signal.
Frequency modulation varies the carrier's frequency based on the amplitude of the ______ signal.
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Phase modulation shifts the carrier's phase according to the modulating signal's ______.
Phase modulation shifts the carrier's phase according to the modulating signal's ______.
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Data can be encoded to increase the data rate without requiring higher line ______ rates.
Data can be encoded to increase the data rate without requiring higher line ______ rates.
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Wireline modems are divided into ______ and ITU2 classes.
Wireline modems are divided into ______ and ITU2 classes.
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Bell 212 modem uses di-bit-encoded quaternary phase shift keying for ______ advantages.
Bell 212 modem uses di-bit-encoded quaternary phase shift keying for ______ advantages.
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Modem manufacturers offer different data compression and error detection/______ schemes.
Modem manufacturers offer different data compression and error detection/______ schemes.
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Through repetitive data encoding, data compression increases ______.
Through repetitive data encoding, data compression increases ______.
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Fractional T1 lines run at ______ , ______ , or ______
Fractional T1 lines run at ______ , ______ , or ______
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FDDI consists of a dual counter-rotating fiber ring where data may circulate in ______ directions
FDDI consists of a dual counter-rotating fiber ring where data may circulate in ______ directions
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ATM was originally scheduled to have a ______ data rate, although there are now different rates to suit differing applications, from 25 Mbps through 2.3 Gbps
ATM was originally scheduled to have a ______ data rate, although there are now different rates to suit differing applications, from 25 Mbps through 2.3 Gbps
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ATM switches can be configured in a range of topologies, including trees, stars, meshes, and ______, and can support automatic re-routing around failed nodes and circuits
ATM switches can be configured in a range of topologies, including trees, stars, meshes, and ______, and can support automatic re-routing around failed nodes and circuits
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SONET network can be configured in differing ______, but it is most often used as a dual counter-rotating ring topology, similar to FDDI
SONET network can be configured in differing ______, but it is most often used as a dual counter-rotating ring topology, similar to FDDI
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Digital Subscriber Line technology, xDSL, has gained wide acceptance as it uses the same copper pairs that bring the venerable voicegrade wireline to your residence or business. It is considered a ______ technology
Digital Subscriber Line technology, xDSL, has gained wide acceptance as it uses the same copper pairs that bring the venerable voicegrade wireline to your residence or business. It is considered a ______ technology
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DSL does not specifically connect a ______
DSL does not specifically connect a ______
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Using the same copper pairs that bring the venerable voicegrade wireline to your residence or business, digital subscriber line technology, xDSL, has gained wide acceptance. It is considered a broadband technology because you can have concurrent telephone, video, and ______ services on the line
Using the same copper pairs that bring the venerable voicegrade wireline to your residence or business, digital subscriber line technology, xDSL, has gained wide acceptance. It is considered a broadband technology because you can have concurrent telephone, video, and ______ services on the line
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SONET networks have been proposed as a fiber-to-the-curb infrastructure in which copper will carry the transmission into individual ______
SONET networks have been proposed as a fiber-to-the-curb infrastructure in which copper will carry the transmission into individual ______
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When it was introduced, ATM quickly became the technology of choice for carriers because it handles voice, video, and data over WANs or LANs with a specified quality of ______
When it was introduced, ATM quickly became the technology of choice for carriers because it handles voice, video, and data over WANs or LANs with a specified quality of ______
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ATM is more of a technology for telecommunication carriers and service providers than a ______ technology
ATM is more of a technology for telecommunication carriers and service providers than a ______ technology
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ATM technology is perfect for highbandwidth applications, such as multisite video conferencing. ATM is more of a technology for telecommunication carriers and service providers than a LAN technology; however, now that 40 GbE and 100 GbE are standardized, carrier companies have displayed a great interest in moving services toward ______
ATM technology is perfect for highbandwidth applications, such as multisite video conferencing. ATM is more of a technology for telecommunication carriers and service providers than a LAN technology; however, now that 40 GbE and 100 GbE are standardized, carrier companies have displayed a great interest in moving services toward ______
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Study Notes
- The text discusses various modulation techniques used in data communications.
- Wireline data transmission is often perceived as instantaneous due to short lengths of wire and effects like turning on car headlights.
- However, long lengths of wire introduce inductance and capacitance, affecting the transmitted signal.
- Inductors and capacitors are represented by lumped schematic symbols.
- A square wave can be modeled using its fundamental frequency and odd harmonics.
- Sine waves are used as carriers due to their inability to be integrated or differentiated mathematically.
- Modulation is the process where a carrier's waveform is modified to contain data.
- Amplitude, frequency, and phase are the three characteristics of a carrier that can be modified.
- Amplitude modulation changes the carrier's amplitude according to the data signal.
- Frequency modulation varies the carrier's frequency based on the amplitude of the modulating signal.
- Phase modulation shifts the carrier's phase according to the modulating signal's amplitude.
- Data can be encoded to increase the data rate without requiring higher line signaling rates.
- Serial modems originated in the 1960s for long-distance data transmission.
- Wireline modems are divided into Bell1 and ITU2 classes.
- Modern modems use Link Access Protocol and can be synchronous or asynchronous.
- Bell 212 modem uses di-bit-encoded quaternary phase shift keying for noise advantages.
- Modem manufacturers offer different data compression and error detection/correction schemes.
- Through repetitive data encoding, data compression increases throughput.
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Description
Test your knowledge of modulation techniques and wireline data transmission with this quiz. Explore topics such as amplitude, frequency, and phase modulation, carrier waveforms, data encoding, and the evolution of serial modems.
