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Explain the structure of long bones and provide examples of typical, miniature, and modified long bones.
Explain the structure of long bones and provide examples of typical, miniature, and modified long bones.
Long bones have an elongated shaft (diaphysis) and two expanded ends (epiphyses) with smooth and articular surfaces. The shaft typically has 3 surfaces separated by 3 borders, a central medullary cavity, and a nutrient foramen directed away from the growing end. Examples include (a) typical long bones like humerus, radius, ulna, femur, tibia, and fibula; (b) miniature long bones with only one epiphysis like metacarpals, metatarsals, and phalanges; and (c) modified long bones with no medullary cavity like the clavicle.
Describe the shape of short bones and provide examples.
Describe the shape of short bones and provide examples.
Short bones usually have a cuboid, cuneiform, trapezoid, or scaphoid shape. Examples include tarsal and carpal bones.
What is the characteristic shape of flat bones and which body cavities do they form boundaries of?
What is the characteristic shape of flat bones and which body cavities do they form boundaries of?
Flat bones resemble shallow plates and form boundaries of certain body cavities, such as the vault of the skull, ribs, sternum, and scapula.
Provide examples of irregular bones.
Provide examples of irregular bones.
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What are pneumatic bones, and provide examples of such bones?
What are pneumatic bones, and provide examples of such bones?
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Study Notes
Long Bones
- Comprise a diaphysis (shaft), metaphysis, and epiphysis (ends)
- Have a compact, spongy bone tissue structure
- Typical examples: femur, humerus, tibia, fibula
- Miniature examples: phalanges (toe bones), metacarpals (hand bones)
- Modified examples: clavicle, ulna
Short Bones
- Cube-like shape
- Examples: carpals (wrist bones), tarsals (ankle bones), metacarpals (hand bones), metatarsals (foot bones)
Flat Bones
- Thin, flat, and curved shape
- Form boundaries of various body cavities, such as the cranial cavity (cranium), thoracic cavity (sternum, ribs), and pelvic cavity (ilium, ischium, pubis)
- Examples: ribs, sternum, scapula, pelvis, cranium
Irregular Bones
- Complex, irregular shape
- Examples: vertebrae, pelvis, sacrum, coccyx
Pneumatic Bones
- Contain air-filled cavities or sinuses
- Examples: maxilla, lacrimal, zygoma, ethmoid, sphenoid, frontal bone
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Description
Test your knowledge of long bones and their structure with this quiz. Identify the components of long bones, understand their unique features, and explore examples of typical and miniature long bones.
