Lok Sabha Election Results

Election Results for Lok Sabha

• The data represents election results for Lok Sabha, showing party-wise seat distribution across different states..
• The total number of seats is 490.
• Congress secured 338 seats.
• P.S.P. secured 11 seats.
• Communist party secured 29 seats.
• Janasangh secured 15 seats.
• Socialist party secured 5 seats.
• Swatantra secured 18 seats.

States and Seats

• Andhra Pradesh had 43 seats, with Congress winning 34
• Assam had 12 seats, with Congress winning 9.
• Bihar had 53 seats, with Congress winning 32.
• Gujarat had 22 seats, with Congress winning 16.
• Kerala had 18 seats, with Communist party winning 6 and Congress winning 6.
• Madhya Pradesh had 36 seats, with Congress winning 23.
• Madras had 41 seats, with Congress winning 31.
• Maharashtra had 44 seats, with Congress winning 36.
• Mysore had 26 seats, with Congress winning 24.
• Orissa had 20 seats, with Congress winning 14
• Punjab had 22 seats, with Congress winning 13
• Rajasthan had 22 seats, with Congress winning 14
• Uttar Pradesh had 86 seats, with Congress winning 59
• West Bengal had 36 seats, with Congress winning 22
• Delhi had 5 seats, with Congress winning all 5.

Parliament and the Making of Laws - India's Democracy

• India prides itself on being a democracy, emphasizing citizen participation in decision-making, requiring governments to have citizen consent.
• Democracy relies on elements within the Parliament.
• The Parliament allows Indian citizens to participate in decision making and control the government, signifying Indian democracy, and is a key feature of the Constitution.

Recap of Ideas and Facilitation

• It is important to recap ideas, especially related to elections, representation and participation.
• Clear understanding can be achieved by students through actual classroom examples, using newspapers and TV reports.

Functions and Role of Parliament

• Functions of Parliament connect to the idea of parliamentary democracy.
• Citizens play a critical role, and students should be allowed to express views, redirecting cynicism towards constitutional intentions.

Understanding Laws

• Chapter 3 is on understanding lows.
• Children require examples from a familiar context to understand how laws are meant to apply equitably.
• The focus of the chater is not on the processes within the Parliament.
• The chapter emphasizes the transformation of urgent social issues into law, alongside discussing new/contemplated laws and the role of people involved in this transformation.

Unpopular Laws and Fundamental Rights

• The chapter concludes with the concept of unpopular laws.
• Unpopular laws often restrict fundamentalRights of certain populations.
• Examples of groups protesting unjust laws can be brought into the classroom to discuss unpopularity of laws.
• Students can research examples in the Indian context and debate using the fundamental Rights in Chapter 1.

Why Should People Decide? - India's Independence and Decision-Making

• India gained independence on August 15, 1947, after a long struggle with participation from various sections of society inspired by freedom, equality, and decision-making.
• Under colonial rule, people feared the British government and faced danger for criticizing decisions, a situation changed by the freedom movement.
• In 1885, the Indian National Congress demanded elected members in the legislature with the right to discuss the budget and ask questions.
• The Government of India Act 1909 allowed for elected representation, but it did not grant universal adult suffrage or allow full participation in decision-making.
• The nationalist sought all persons in independent India to participate in making decisions.
• Independence entailed government sensitivity to people's needs and demands.
• The dreams and aspirations of the freedom struggle were realized in the Constitution of independent India through universal adult franchise, granting all adult citizens the right to vote.

People and Their Representatives - Democracy and Elections

• The fundamental principle of democracy is consent, reflecting desire, approval, and participation.
• Decisions made by the people shape the democratic government and its functioning.
• The core idea is that the individual or citizen hold the most important position.
• The government and public institutions should have the trust of citizens.
• People can approve, as you read, the government through elections.
• Citizens can elect representatives to the Parliament, forming the government.
• The Parliament, comprising all representatives, governs the government, allowing the people to control it through elected representatives.

Role of the Parliament - Democracy and Representation

• The Indian Parliament reflects the faith of the people of India in the principles of democracy.
• Elections to the Parliament follow a similar process as elections for the state legislature.
• The Lok Sabha is typically elected every five years.
• Division of country into constituencies each elects one person to the Parliament.
• Candidates contesting elections usually belong to different political parties.

Lok Sabha Elections

• The Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) won 303 seats.
• The Indian National Congress (INC) secured 52 seats.
• Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) won 24 seats.
• All India Trinamool Congress (AITC) secured 22 seats.
• Yuvajana Sramika Rythu Congress Party (YSRCP) secured 22 seats.
• The Grand Total of all seats is 543.

Selecting the National Government

• The Parliament consists of the President, the Rajya Sabha, and the Lok Sabha.
• After Lok Sabha elections, a list is prepared showing how many MPs belong to each political party.
• To form the government, a political party must have a majority of elected MPs (at least 272 out of 543 in the Lok Sabha).
• Parties not in the majority / coalition form the Opposition, with the largest among them known as the Opposition party.

Executive Functions

• One of the most important functions of the Lok sabha is to select the executive.
• The executive, who you’ve read about, are people who implement the laws.
• The Indian Prime Minister, being the leader of the ruling party in the Lok Sabha, picks ministers from her MPs to help implement decisions.

The Rajya Sabha

• The Rajya Sabha functions as the representative of the states of India.
• It can initiate legislation, it's passage is required for a bill to become law.
• It reviews and alters laws initiated by the Lok Sabha.
• The members of the Rajya Sabha are elected by state Legislative Assemblies, comprising 233 elected members, and 12 members nominated by the President.

Government Control and Information

• Important mechanism through which MPs can get working information from the government.
• By asking questions, MPs can elicit the shortcomings of the government which is a critical task for every MP.
• The Opposition parties play a critical role by highlighting drawbacks and mobilize popular support.

How Do New Laws Come About?

• The Parliament has an important role in making laws.
• There are many ways to achieve this
• Different groups in society raise the need for a particular law
• Parliament must be sensitive to societal problems.

Domestic Violence Law

• Domestic violence can cause physical harm or threat of injury by physically beating up the woman or by emotionally abusing her.
• Domestic violence also includes verbal, sexual and economic abuse.
• The Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act 2005 extended the understanding of the term 'domestic' to include women who live or have lived together in a shared household' with the male member who is perpetrating the violence.

Unpopular and Controversial Laws - Actions and Examples

• The Parliament is influenced by the role of citizens.
• There are TV and news reports along with local meetings to encourage citizens to influence the parliament.
• The Parliament passes laws with the potential to be unpopular which leads to people critisizing the laws, writing about them in news, reporting on them on TV.
• The Parliament can be pressured to change the laws that have been wrongly passed.