Logotherapy and Religion Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the core belief of logotherapy?

  • The human being is driven by the need for social connections and belonging.
  • The human being is driven by the need for love and belonging.
  • The human being is driven by the need for self-actualization.
  • The human being is driven by the search for meaning in life. (correct)

Which of the following is NOT considered a major festival celebrated by Jews?

  • Sukkot
  • Hanukkah (correct)
  • Pesach
  • Yom Kippur

What is the name of the sacred scripture of the Jews?

  • Quran
  • Gita
  • Bible
  • Torah (correct)

According to the content, what does the term 'Islam' mean?

<p>Submission to God (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered a pillar of Islam?

<p>Fasting (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the 'ummah' in Islam?

<p>It symbolizes the unity of all Muslims worldwide. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the yearly pilgrimage to Mecca that Muslims are expected to perform at least once in their lifetime?

<p>Hajj (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the festival celebrated at the end of Ramadan?

<p>Eidul-Fitr (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the core principle of the 'Shahadah', one of the Five Pillars of Islam?

<p>Belief in the oneness of God and the prophethood of Muhammad. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the five major festivals observed by Jews?

<p>Hanukkah (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main motivation for living, according to logotherapy?

<p>The search for meaning in life. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of 'Zakat,' one of the Five Pillars of Islam?

<p>The monetary offering for the benefit of the poor. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the book that Viktor Frankl wrote about logotherapy, which has been used as a textbook in high school and college courses?

<p>Man's Search for Meaning (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered an assumption of logotherapy?

<p>Life is inherently meaningless, and we must create our own meaning. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the Jewish festival that celebrates the liberation of the Hebrew slaves from Egypt?

<p>Pesach (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the Jewish Sabbath?

<p>It is a time for families to gather for the Shabbat meal. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why might individuals present an idealized version of themselves online?

<p>To present a desired image of themselves. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a possible consequence of oversharing online?

<p>Stronger relationships with online friends. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What phenomenon contributes to people feeling more comfortable disclosing personal information online?

<p>The disinhibition effect. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can people contribute to ethical online behavior?

<p>By carefully considering what they share and believe online. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary intention of the Data Privacy Act of 2012 in the Philippines?

<p>To protect the right to privacy and freedom of communication. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is a guideline for establishing a safe online presence?

<p>Being cautious about the information you share online. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the concept of 'personal identity' as described in the text?

<p>The unique characteristics that define an individual. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an aspect of managing one's online identity, according to the text?

<p>Staying anonymous to avoid conflicts. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the text suggest is the primary element that influences how people present themselves online?

<p>The desire for acceptance. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main concern raised about the potential impact of online self-disclosure?

<p>It can have negative consequences for relationships. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the "material self" primarily consist of, according to William James?

<p>Our physical body, our possessions, our immediate family, and our home. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of the self do clothes primarily represent?

<p>Material self (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do immediate family members influence our sense of self?

<p>They significantly affect our emotional responses. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates the spiritual self from other constituents of the self?

<p>It is the most intimate and subjective part of ourselves. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the content, how do material possessions influence our self-identity?

<p>They often gain higher significance through associations with experiences. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 1 Thessalonians 5:23 highlight about human beings?

<p>They include three distinct components: spirit, soul, and body. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way do homes contribute to one's sense of self?

<p>They serve as extensions of self based on experiences. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the relationship between the soul and spirit, based on biblical references?

<p>They are distinct but closely related. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'material self' encompass?

<p>Clothing, home, and possessions that influence self-identity. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do significant possessions often symbolize according to the discussed ideas?

<p>Connections to important life events or people. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the spiritual self related to moral sensibility?

<p>Its satisfaction comes from moral capacity and conscience. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What implications do familial successes and failures have on personal identity?

<p>They can evoke pride, guilt, or a sense of duty. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why might someone find it difficult to part with a deceased loved one's possessions?

<p>The possessions are closely tied to memories and attachments. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of cultural rituals in the context of the spiritual self?

<p>They provide a way to express personal identity. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do early life distinctions between self and environment shape the future view of possessions?

<p>They foster a sense of ownership and attachment. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Bayanihan' refer to in Filipino culture?

<p>A spirit of unity and cooperation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the 'Manana Habit'?

<p>The habit of procrastinating tasks (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common implication of 'colonial mentality' among Filipinos?

<p>An inclination towards foreign goods (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phrase is synonymous with the 'Bahala Na' culture?

<p>No worries (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of 'Ningas Kugon'?

<p>Eagerness that quickly fades (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does self-sacrifice often entail for many Filipinos?

<p>Giving up personal interests for loved ones (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements best describes 'Crab Mentality'?

<p>Jealousy towards others' achievements (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do heroes serve in Filipino culture?

<p>Symbols of patriotism and sacrifice (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Filipino Time' signify?

<p>The habit of arriving late to events (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key component of political identity?

<p>Geographical location of an individual (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated by the proverb 'Kung ano ang itinanim, siyang aanihin'?

<p>Actions have consequences (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cultural trait is typically exemplified by the communal assistance of neighbors?

<p>Bayanihan (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common value associated with the Filipino concept of pride?

<p>Reluctance to apologize (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the concept of Karma in Hinduism according to the given text?

<p>Karma is a force that determines an individual's future lives based on their actions in the present life. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two types of meditation practices mentioned in the text?

<p>Samatha and Vipassana (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Sacrament of Communion symbolize in Christianity?

<p>The remembrance of Jesus Christ's sacrifice and love. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identify the sacred scriptures central to Hinduism, as mentioned in the text.

<p>The Vedas and the Mahabharata (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of rituals, as described in the text?

<p>They are always led by a religious leader. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of Samatha meditation practice in Buddhism?

<p>To cultivate a sense of loving-kindness towards all beings. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary message that Christianity aims to convey, as described in the text?

<p>The promise of eternal life through faith in Jesus Christ. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does Buddhism view the nature of life, as described in the text?

<p>As a cycle of suffering and rebirth driven by desire and aversion. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason why the author emphasizes the difference between the soul and the spirit?

<p>To highlight the importance of understanding both aspects of the self. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of rituals in society?

<p>To express shared beliefs and cultural traditions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of the world religions is highlighted in the text?

<p>The unique and diverse beliefs and practices of each religion. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of Diwali and Navrati in Hinduism, as mentioned in the text?

<p>They are celebrations of the triumph of good over evil. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main idea of the text about religious beliefs?

<p>Religious beliefs are influenced by social and cultural factors. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between rituals and language, as suggested in the text?

<p>Both are systems of symbols that convey meaning. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common element shared by all the religions mentioned in the text?

<p>The practice of rituals and ceremonies. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a source of meaning in life, according to Viktor Frankl?

<p>Self-Reflection (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What specific example did Frankl use to illustrate the power of love in finding meaning?

<p>His vision of a bird during his time in the camp (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Frankl believe is the ultimate secret to the spiritual foundation of life?

<p>Loving others unconditionally (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic used to define a Filipino identity, according to the text?

<p>Political Affiliation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is "jus sanguinis" and how does it relate to Filipino citizenship?

<p>Right of blood; it determines nationality based on a parent's citizenship. It is the dominant principle in the Philippines. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the "mano culture" in Filipino society?

<p>It is a way of showing respect to elders (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements best describes the Filipino personality, according to the text?

<p>Filipinos are known for their cheerful and fun-loving nature. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Based on the text, which of the following is NOT a Filipino trait or value?

<p>Individualism and self-reliance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most likely source of the word “Filipino”?

<p>Spanish colonization (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a recognized mode of acquiring Philippine citizenship?

<p>Inheritance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the phrase "politics is a set of activities that are associated with making decisions in groups" mean?

<p>Politics involves cooperation and consensus building. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the text suggest that the Filipino identity can be separated from colonial influences?

<p>By acknowledging and understanding the historical context of cultural influences. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does “politiká” refer to in the text?

<p>The study of government and political systems (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the meaning of the word “political”?

<p>Related to the distribution of power (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following demonstrates the strength of the Filipino culture and personality?

<p>The resilience and adaptability of Filipinos in the face of challenges (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What makes a Filipino a Filipino?

<p>A combination of birth, cultural traits, and values (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is active citizenship considered a practice of democracy?

<p>Active citizenship promotes informed decision-making and allows citizens to be heard, reflecting key democratic principles. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements BEST describes the role of the Internet in shaping the "digital self"?

<p>The Internet facilitates the development of a digital self, influenced by online interactions and the desire for social acceptance. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of active citizenship?

<p>To contribute to positive societal change through active involvement in political decision-making and social issues. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following BEST reflects the concept of "self-presentation" as it relates to the digital self?

<p>Strategically managing one's online presence to create a particular impression on others, often emphasizing positive aspects. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the passage, how does active citizenship contribute to the development of youth?

<p>Active citizenship promotes social skills and community involvement, enhancing their understanding of the world. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can we effectively combat the spread of fake news and misinformation?

<p>By verifying information from credible sources, critically evaluating content, and being responsible in sharing information online. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the core message regarding the importance of speaking the Filipino language?

<p>Speaking the Filipino language primarily promotes national identity and fosters a sense of belonging. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does understanding Philippine history contribute to being a responsible Filipino citizen?

<p>Historical knowledge helps recognize past mistakes and abuse of power, fostering awareness and promoting responsible citizenship. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the use of the Internet considered a double-edged sword in the context of our online behavior and identity?

<p>While the Internet offers numerous possibilities for communication, entertainment, and social connection, it also presents challenges in terms of privacy, online safety, and the formation of the digital self. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an essential aspect of being a responsible and active Filipino citizen?

<p>Maintaining a strong work ethic and striving for personal success for oneself, regardless of the impact on others. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason why adolescents are particularly active Internet users?

<p>Adolescents have a strong need for social interaction and validation, which is often fulfilled through online spaces. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What key aspect of the "digital self" is highlighted in the passage?

<p>The &quot;digital self&quot; is a reflection of the individual's authentic self, expressed through online interactions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following BEST reflects the relationship between active citizenship and the sense of community?

<p>Active citizenship promotes social interaction and belonging, contributing to a stronger sense of community. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the statement "Man is, by nature, a political animal" by Aristotle?

<p>It emphasizes human's natural inclination toward social interaction and political participation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT listed as a way to be a good Filipino citizen?

<p>Seeking out opportunities to live and work abroad, contributing to the global economy. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Flashcards

Material Self

The aspect of our identity tied to our possessions and what we own.

Who proposed the idea of the Material Self?

William James, a Harvard psychologist, proposed the idea of a Material Self, suggesting that it's a vital part of our identity.

What is considered the core element of the Material Self?

Our body is the most fundamental part of our material self. We invest a lot in its well-being.

How do we relate to our body as part of the Material Self?

We care deeply about our physical health and seek to maintain its optimal functioning.

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What extreme measure shows the importance of certain body parts to the Material Self?

Because of their personal value, some people even insure specific body parts.

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How are clothes connected to the Material Self according to James?

Clothes are a crucial part of our material self. They reflect our personality and influence how we feel.

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What is the 'Philosophy of Dress'?

It's the belief that clothes are more than just fabric; they're a significant part of our identity.

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According to James, how important are clothes to our self-concept?

James viewed clothing as a key component of the Material Self, highlighting its importance in shaping our identity.

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Spiritual Self

Proposed by William James, this part of the self involves our inner experiences, thoughts, emotions, values, and beliefs. It's the most intimate part of who we are, encompassing our moral compass, spiritual inclinations, and sense of self-awareness.

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Possessions as Part of the Self

The tangible things we own, including clothes, houses, cars, and other items. These objects are seen as extensions of ourselves and often reflect our personal style, values, and interests.

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Investment of Self in Possessions

The feeling of connection and identification we have with our possessions. The more we invest our self in an object, the more it becomes a part of us and reflects our identity.

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We are What We Have

The idea that we derive a portion of our identity from our possessions. It suggests that we are, in part, defined by what we own and what we accumulate.

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Distinguishing Self from Environment

The process of distinguishing between ourselves and the external world. It involves recognizing that we are separate individuals with distinct thoughts, feelings, and possessions.

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Possessions and Self-Identity

The influence that possessions can have on our sense of self. Certain possessions, such as those associated with significant events or people, can hold special meaning and become deeply interwoven with our identity.

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Meaning-Seeking of the Spiritual Self

The idea that our spiritual self seeks understanding and meaning in life. It's an ongoing journey to explore our beliefs, values, and purpose in the world.

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Three Parts of Human Beings

A belief that human beings are composed of three parts: the body, the soul, and the spirit. The soul and spirit are separate but closely intertwined.

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The Soul

The part of the self responsible for conscious thought, emotion, and decision-making. It's often referred to as the 'seat' of our personality and individuality.

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The Spirit

The part of the self that connects us to the divine, to a higher power, or to a spiritual realm. It's often associated with our intuition, our sense of purpose, and our connection to something beyond the physical realm.

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God's Word Dividing Soul and Spirit

The power of God's word to penetrate our innermost being, separating the soul from the spirit and revealing our deepest thoughts and intentions.

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Close Intertwining of Soul and Spirit

The idea that our soul and spirit are so closely interconnected that it requires divine intervention to fully discern their individual functions and influences.

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Spiritual Self: Values, Morals, and Inclinations

The spiritual self, as a core part of our being, encompasses our values, morals, and spiritual inclinations.

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Spiritual Self and Moral Sensibility

The ability to use moral sensibility and conscience as a manifestation of the spiritual self. This can be seen through religious practices, cultural rituals, and ceremonies.

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What are the basic characteristics of religion?

Religion is a set of cultural beliefs and practices that often includes some or all of the following:

  1. Belief in supernatural beings (spirits, gods)
  2. Focus on the sacred supernatural, which evokes reverence and awe
  3. Supernatural power or energy present in supernatural beings, objects, and physical beings
  4. Performance of rituals to communicate with the supernatural or influence events
  5. Articulation of worldview and moral codes through narratives and other methods
  6. Formation and maintenance of social bonds, mechanisms of social control, explanations for the unknown, and a sense of control for individuals
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What is ritual?

Ritual is a specific, observable mode of behavior performed by all known societies. It involves a set of actions, often ceremonial, dictated by tradition or sacred laws.

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What are the core characteristics of rituals?

Rituals share three key characteristics:

  1. Feelings of respect, awe, fascination, or dread linked to the sacred
  2. Dependence on a belief system often expressed through myths
  3. Symbolic nature in relation to the things they represent
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How is the self connected to rituals?

The self can be understood as a ritual being because our rituals and verbal behavior exhibit striking similarities. Just as language relies on arbitrary rules for symbols, ritual uses symbolic acts based on arbitrary rules.

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What is the Buddhist perspective on suffering and how to overcome it?

Practices like meditation, acquiring wisdom, and accepting things as they are are key in breaking the cycle of wanting and hating, liking and disliking, and craving and aversion.

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What are the two types of meditation practices in Buddhism?

There are two types: Samatha (mindfulness of breathing, loving-kindness) and Vipassana (developing insight into reality).

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What are some key beliefs and celebrations in Buddhism?

Buddhists believe in the principle of non-violence and celebrate Parinirvana Day, Buddha Day (Wesak), Dharma Day, Padmasambhava Day, and Sangha Day throughout the year.

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What are the core beliefs of Christianity?

Christians believe in one God with three personas: the Father, the Son (Jesus Christ), and the Holy Spirit. They believe in eternal life after death through faith in Jesus Christ, who died for humanity's sins and rose again to offer salvation.

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What are some key practices and teachings in Christianity?

Christian churches practice the sacraments of Baptism (symbolizing new birth in the Christian faith) and Communion (remembering Jesus' sacrifice). They also uphold the teaching of unconditional love by aiding the poor, oppressed, and outcasts.

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What are the two most significant celebrations in Christianity?

Christmas commemorates the birth of Jesus Christ and Easter (Resurrection Sunday) celebrates his resurrection from death.

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What are the fundamental beliefs of Hinduism?

Hinduism has a wide range of beliefs and groups, with no single founder. Hindus believe in a cycle of birth, death, and rebirth governed by Karma, where actions in past lives determine one's current and future lives. The Vedas are sacred scriptures, and the Mahabharata and Ramayana are other key texts.

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What are some important celebrations and practices in Hinduism?

Diwali is the Festival of Lights, and Navrati is the festival of nine nights celebrating good over evil. Hindus observe specific dates to honor various manifestations of God.

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What is the concept of a spiritual self?

A belief in the existence of a spiritual self, which is distinct from the physical body. This spiritual self is often associated with a person's conscience, soul, or consciousness.

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How does the spiritual self relate to religious beliefs?

The spiritual self influences an individual's choice of religious beliefs, even though these choices may be impacted by societal and cultural influences.

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What is the first source of meaning according to Viktor Frankl?

The meaning of life can be found in pursuing a meaningful goal or purpose.

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What is the second source of meaning according to Viktor Frankl?

Suffering and overcoming challenges can bring meaning to life.

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What is the third source of meaning according to Viktor Frankl?

Love is the deepest way of connecting with another person and discovering their core essence.

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What is the origin of the word 'politics'?

The word 'politics' originates from the ancient Greek word 'politiká', meaning 'affairs of the cities.'

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What is the essence of politics?

Politics involves activities related to making decisions in groups and exercising power.

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Where does the term 'Filipino' originate?

The term 'Filipino' stems from the Spanish period, derived from 'las Islas Filipinas,' the Philippine Islands.

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Who is considered a Filipino?

A Filipino is someone who is a native or national of the Philippines.

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What are the main ways to acquire Filipino citizenship?

Those born in the Philippines or those with Filipino parents, are considered Filipinos.

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Where is the legal definition of Filipino citizenship found?

The 1987 Constitution of the Philippines defines who are Filipino citizens.

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What is the significance of being a Filipino citizen?

A Filipino citizen is someone who has legal rights and responsibilities within the Philippine Republic.

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What is the core belief of Islam?

The belief in one God, Allah, and the unity of all Muslims as a community ('ummah'). It emphasizes submission to God's will.

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What is one of the most prominent Filipino traits?

Filipinos are known for their warmth and hospitality, welcoming guests as if they were family.

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What is the Quran?

The Holy Book of Islam, revealed to the Prophet Muhammad through the Angel Gabriel. It is considered the literal word of God and is recited in Arabic.

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How do Filipinos show respect for elders?

Filipinos show respect to elders by using specific greetings and terms of address.

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What are the five pillars of Islam?

The five pillars are the foundational practices of Islam: Shahadah (declaration of faith), Salat (prayer), Zakat (alms giving), Hajj (pilgrimage), and Sawm (fasting).

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What is a typical Filipino personality trait?

Filipinos have a joyful and optimistic approach to life.

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What is Shahadah?

A statement of faith: "There is no God but the one true God (Allah), and Muhammad is His messenger."

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What is the importance of culture in defining Filipino identity?

Filipinos have a rich cultural heritage that shapes their identity.

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What is Salat?

The practice of performing five daily prayers at specific times, facing the Kaaba in Mecca.

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What are some of the factors that shape Filipino identity?

History, values, and experiences contribute to understanding what it means to be Filipino.

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What is Zakat?

The giving of alms, a monetary offering that comprises 2.5% of a Muslim's assets. It is intended to support the poor and needy.

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What is Hajj?

The annual pilgrimage to Mecca that Muslims are obligated to perform at least once in their lifetime, if they are able.

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What is Sawm?

The act of fasting from food, drink, and sexual activity during the month of Ramadan, the ninth month of the Islamic lunar calendar. The fast is from dawn to sunset.

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What is the core belief of Judaism?

The Jewish belief in the God of Abraham, who liberated the Hebrew slaves and led them to the Promised Land. They believe in the coming of the Messiah, the Savior.

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What is the Torah?

The sacred scripture of Judaism, containing the first five books of the Hebrew Bible. It is considered the guide for Jewish living.

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What is the main belief of logotherapy?

The belief that life has meaning under all circumstances and that individuals have the freedom to find their personal meaning.

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What is logotherapy?

A psychotherapy developed by Viktor Frankl, focusing on finding meaning in life as the primary motivation. It emphasizes the will to meaning and the freedom to create meaning.

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What are the key assumptions of logotherapy?

Logotherapy assumes that human beings are complex entities with a body (soma), mind (psyche), and spirit (noos). Life has inherent meaning, and individuals have the capacity for finding it.

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How does logotherapy help individuals find meaning?

The concept of finding meaning in life through creating something, experiencing something, or encountering someone. It also addresses finding meaning even in suffering.

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How does logotherapy help people cope with challenges?

Logotherapy helps individuals become aware of their spiritual resources, consciously utilize them, and develop the "defiant power of the human spirit" to overcome adversity.

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Self-Sacrifice (Filipino Culture)

The tendency for Filipinos to prioritize the well-being of their loved ones, often at the expense of their own needs.

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Bayanihan

The spirit of communal unity and cooperation among Filipinos, often evident in times of crisis.

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“Bahala Na” Culture

The Filipino phrase 'Bahala na' embodies a carefree attitude of trusting in fate or divine providence, similar to 'Hakuna Matata'.

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Colonial Mentality

A tendency towards favoring foreign products and culture over local ones, often stemming from a history of colonization.

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Manana Habit

The habit of procrastination, exemplified by the Filipino phrase “Mamaya na” (later).

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Ningas Kugon

A tendency to start tasks with enthusiasm but quickly lose interest when faced with challenges.

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Pride (Filipino Culture)

A heightened sense of self-worth that can sometimes hinder interpersonal relationships.

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Crab Mentality

A negative attitude where individuals resent the success of others and attempt to bring them down.

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Filipino Time

The practice of arriving late for appointments, often considered a cultural trait in the Philippines.

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Proverbs or Salawikain

Traditional sayings that reflect Filipino values, beliefs, and practices.

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Superstitions (Filipino Culture)

Beliefs and practices based on superstition rather than reason or scientific evidence.

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Myths and Legends (Filipino Culture)

Stories that explain the origins of things and convey valuable lessons.

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Heroes and Icons (Filipino Culture)

Individuals who have inspired Filipinos through their patriotism, sacrifices, or achievements.

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Political Identity

The ways in which individuals understand and relate to political systems and structures.

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Political Claims and Context

The influence of geographic location, culture, and ideology on political beliefs and claims.

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Political Animal

A natural inclination for humans to participate in political systems due to their social nature.

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Digital Self

The aspect of oneself that is expressed through online interactions, especially on social networking sites.

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Online Self-Disclosure

Sharing of personal information online, often driven by the desire for social acceptance and approval.

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Self-Presentation Online

Controlling how others perceive you through your online persona.

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Active Citizenship

Active participation in political processes and everyday forms of societal engagement.

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Right to Participation

The right to participate in decisions that affect your life and your community.

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Democracy as a Communal System

The practice of democracy, extending beyond a form of government.

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Goal of Active Citizenship

The process of promoting change and influencing society through meaningful involvement.

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Sense of Community

A sense of belonging within a community, fostered through active participation.

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Active Citizenship and Youth Development

The positive impact of active citizenship on young people's social development.

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Informed and Active Filipino Citizen

The importance of keeping informed about current events and participating in government initiatives.

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Responsible Voting

Exercising the right to vote responsibly and choosing representatives that serve the people.

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Upholding the Constitution and Laws

The duty to uphold the Constitution and abide by the laws of the country.

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Learning Philippine History

Developing a sense of patriotism by studying the history of the Philippines.

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Supporting Local Products

Supporting local businesses and products to strengthen the economy.

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The Self is a Work in Progress

The self is an ever-evolving process, constantly adapting and growing as we learn and interact with the world around us.

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Self-Disclosure Online

Publicly sharing details about oneself online, including information about personal experiences, thoughts, and feelings.

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Disinhibition Effect

The tendency for individuals to feel less inhibited and more likely to reveal personal information online due to anonymity and lack of social cues.

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Online Self-Presentation

The ability to carefully present and manage one's identity and image online, especially through social media platforms.

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Oversharing

The act of sharing an excessive amount of personal information online, potentially leading to privacy concerns and reputational damage.

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Online Information Filter

The ability to evaluate information shared online and critically assess its validity, origin, and potential biases before accepting it as true.

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Online Safety

The practice of safeguarding one's online identity and privacy by taking necessary precautions.

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Data Privacy Act of 2012 (Republic Act 10173)

A legal framework in the Philippines designed to protect individuals' personal information from unauthorized access, use, and disclosure.

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Social Identity

The state of being identified and defined by one's membership in social groups or communities.

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Personal Identity

The unique characteristics that distinguish an individual from others and make them a distinct person.

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Study Notes

Material Self

  • The material self is a component of the self, encompassing our bodies, clothing, immediate family, and home.
  • We invest heavily in these aspects, as they are deeply connected to our sense of self.
  • Our body is the most central part of the material self, with a strong emotional attachment due to its essential role in our lives.
  • We often secure insurance for valuable body parts, showcasing the close connection.
  • Clothing is an extension of the material self, impacting attitudes and behaviors.
  • Immediate family is highly significant. Experiences and successes/failures of family members directly affect our sense of self.
  • Home is the earliest setting for self-development. Memories and experiences within the home deeply connect us to our sense of self.

Self-Identity and Possessions

  • Possessions are viewed as part of ourselves.
  • Self-identification with possessions is initiated during infancy, as we distinguish ourselves from our environment.
  • The importance of material possessions often decreases with age, but gains significant value through associated personal events and milestones.
  • Personal items related to those who have passed hold special meaning and are often treasured.

Spiritual Self

  • The spiritual self is the innermost core of the self, characterized by satisfaction derived from moral reasoning, conscience, and will.
  • Religion, beliefs and rituals are expressions of the spiritual self.
  • The spiritual self involves seeking the meaning of life.
  • The Bible describes humanity as comprised of body, soul, and spirit.

Soul and Spirit (Distinction)

  • Soul and spirit are distinct components of a person, not interchangeable.
  • 1 Thessalonians 5:23 and Hebrews 4:12 demonstrate this distinctness.

Defining Religion and Rituals

  • Religion is a set of cultural beliefs and practices involving:

    • Belief in a supernatural being (e.g. spirits and gods).
    • Reverence and awe for the sacred.
    • Supernatural power found in all beings/objects.
    • Ritual activities to communicate with supernatural beings.
    • Worldview articulation via stories/narratives.
    • Social bond creation and control mechanisms.

  • Rituals are ceremonial acts guided by established traditions/laws, evident across all societies.

  • Characteristics of rituals include:

    • Respect, awe, or dread related to the sacred.
    • A reliance on a belief system (myths).
    • Symbolic nature.

Major World Religions

  • Buddhism, Christianity, Hinduism, Islam, and Judaism are major world religions.
  • Specific beliefs and practices (e.g., Buddhist meditation.) Christian Sacraments, Hindu customs, Islamic pillars, and Jewish festivals) are presented for each.

Logotherapy

  • Logotherapy, developed by Viktor Frankl, posits that finding meaning is the primary motivation for human life.
  • Meaning is found through:
    • Creating and doing/experiencing something.
    • Encountering another person.
    • The approach to suffering.

Frankl's Psychology

  • Key concepts in Frankl's psychology include:
    • Life has meaning under all circumstances.
    • The will to find meaning is the primary driving force for existence.
    • Freedom to find personal meaning.
    • Logotherapy aims to:
      • Enhance awareness and usage of spiritual resources.
      • Encourage a defiant spirit against hardship.
  • Logotherapy Assumptions: Human beings are composed of body, mind, and spirit; life has meaning irrespective of hardship; individuals possess a will to find and activate meaning (free to do so). Life has a demand quality to be responded to meaningfully (practical meaning vs. ultimate meaning); and, individuals are unique.

Meaning Sources

  • Frankl's work suggests three key sources for meaningful life:
    • Purposeful Work
    • Courage in facing challenges
    • Love.

Filipino Identity

  • Identifying a Filipino transcends citizenship, encompassing history, culture, traits, and values.
  • The 1987 Philippine Constitution outlines citizenship acquisition.
  • Filipino traits include:
    • Hospitality
    • Respect for elders
    • Cheerfulness
    • Self-sacrifice
    • Bayanihan (community unity)
    • “Bahala Na” (no worries)
    • Possible colonial mentality; procrastination/ "Manana"; "Ningas Kugon"; Pride/difficult apologies; Crab Mentality; Filipino time.

Digital Self

  • The digital self is how we express ourselves online, particularly through social networking.
  • Online self-disclosure is often driven by a desire to receive social approval and acceptance.

Self-Presentation and Impression Management

  • Individuals proactively control how others perceive them online.
  • Social media heavily influences self-presentation, generating concerns about oversharing.
  • The "disinhibition effect" may lead to an unfiltered expression of self online.

Online Guidelines

  • Suggestions for responsible online behavior (safe sites/passwords/limit sharing/consider permanence, mindful interaction)
  • Digital identity preservation.

Data Privacy Act

  • The Data Privacy Act (Republic Act 10173) aims to protect the fundamental human rights of privacy.
  • The Act defines personal information.

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Description

Test your knowledge on logotherapy, its core beliefs, and its founder Viktor Frankl. Explore key concepts in Judaism and Islam, including festivals and pillars of faith. This quiz is perfect for those interested in psychology and religious studies.

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