Podcast
Questions and Answers
What components form a Prolog program?
What components form a Prolog program?
- Facts, Rules, Queries (correct)
- Variables, Functions, Procedures
- Statements, Conditions, Loops
- Classes, Objects, Methods
Which statement is an example of a Prolog fact?
Which statement is an example of a Prolog fact?
- X is a book
- boy(ahmed) (correct)
- likes(abdallah,X):-book(X)
- parent(X,Y):-father(X,Y)
What does the syntax 'likes(abdallah,X):-book(X)' represent?
What does the syntax 'likes(abdallah,X):-book(X)' represent?
- A conditional rule (correct)
- A fact
- An unconditional rule
- A query
In the example provided, what is the expected output for the query '?-Parent(ali,X)'?
In the example provided, what is the expected output for the query '?-Parent(ali,X)'?
Which of the following indicates a successful query in Prolog?
Which of the following indicates a successful query in Prolog?
What is a query in the context of Prolog programming?
What is a query in the context of Prolog programming?
Which of the following is NOT a component of logic programming as defined in Prolog?
Which of the following is NOT a component of logic programming as defined in Prolog?
What do conditions within Prolog rules determine?
What do conditions within Prolog rules determine?
Flashcards
Logic Programming
Logic Programming
A programming paradigm where program statements express facts and rules about problems within a formal logic system.
Prolog
Prolog
A programming language used in logic programming.
Fact (Prolog)
Fact (Prolog)
A statement that is unconditionally true in Prolog.
Rule (Prolog)
Rule (Prolog)
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Prolog Knowledge Base
Prolog Knowledge Base
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Query (Prolog)
Query (Prolog)
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Prolog Syntax (Fact)
Prolog Syntax (Fact)
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Prolog Syntax (Rule)
Prolog Syntax (Rule)
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Argument (Prolog)
Argument (Prolog)
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Study Notes
Logic Programming Overview
- Logic programming is a computer programming paradigm where program statements express facts and rules about problems within a system of formal logic.
Prolog Syntax
- Prolog language consists of facts, rules, and queries.
- A Prolog program is a collection of facts and rules forming a knowledge base.
- These facts and rules describe relationships.
- To use a Prolog program, ask questions about the information in the knowledge base.
Facts
- Facts are statements that are always true.
- Example:
boy(ahmed),father(aly,sameh). - Syntax follows a specific format, using predicates (e.g.,
boy,father) and arguments (e.g.,ahmed,aly,sameh).
Rules
- Rules are statements that are true if some conditions are satisfied.
- Example:
Abdallah likes books,Abdallah likes X, if X is a book. - Syntax:
likes(abdallah,X):-book(X). This shows the predicatelikeswith arguments and a rule defining how it operates.
Example
boy(ahmed)is a fact stating that Ahmed is a boy.?- boy(ahmed)is a query asking if Ahmed is a boy. Result istrue.
Family Tree Example
- Shows a simple family tree, represented by facts, including relationships such as
parent(father,child). male(ahmed),parent(ahmed,ali)are examples of facts.parent(sara,omar)represents Sara is a parent of Omar.
Queries (Examples)
?- parent(ahmed,sara)– Is Ahmed a parent of Sara? (true)?- parent(ali,X)– Who is a parent of Ali? (returns osama)?- parent(sara,Y)– Who are the children of Sara? (returns batol, omar)
Solutions to Queries
- The query results demonstrate Prolog's ability to find solutions based on the facts and rules.
- Solutions returned for queries are shown as output (e.g.,
true,osama,batol,omar).
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