Logic Programming: Prolog Overview
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Questions and Answers

What components form a Prolog program?

  • Facts, Rules, Queries (correct)
  • Variables, Functions, Procedures
  • Statements, Conditions, Loops
  • Classes, Objects, Methods

    • Which statement is an example of a Prolog fact?

  • X is a book
  • boy(ahmed) (correct)
  • likes(abdallah,X):-book(X)
  • parent(X,Y):-father(X,Y)

    • What does the syntax 'likes(abdallah,X):-book(X)' represent?

  • A conditional rule (correct)
  • A fact
  • An unconditional rule
  • A query

    • In the example provided, what is the expected output for the query '?-Parent(ali,X)'?

    <p>osama</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following indicates a successful query in Prolog?

    <p>true</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a query in the context of Prolog programming?

    <p>A request for information from a knowledge base</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of logic programming as defined in Prolog?

    <p>Classes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do conditions within Prolog rules determine?

    <p>If relationships can be formed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Logic Programming Overview

    • Logic programming is a computer programming paradigm where program statements express facts and rules about problems within a system of formal logic.

    Prolog Syntax

    • Prolog language consists of facts, rules, and queries.
    • A Prolog program is a collection of facts and rules forming a knowledge base.
    • These facts and rules describe relationships.
    • To use a Prolog program, ask questions about the information in the knowledge base.

    Facts

    • Facts are statements that are always true.
    • Example: boy(ahmed), father(aly,sameh).
    • Syntax follows a specific format, using predicates (e.g., boy, father) and arguments (e.g., ahmed, aly, sameh).

    Rules

    • Rules are statements that are true if some conditions are satisfied.
    • Example: Abdallah likes books, Abdallah likes X, if X is a book.
    • Syntax: likes(abdallah,X):-book(X). This shows the predicate likes with arguments and a rule defining how it operates.

    Example

    • boy(ahmed) is a fact stating that Ahmed is a boy.
    • ?- boy(ahmed) is a query asking if Ahmed is a boy. Result is true.

    Family Tree Example

    • Shows a simple family tree, represented by facts, including relationships such as parent(father,child).
    • male(ahmed), parent(ahmed,ali) are examples of facts.
    • parent(sara,omar) represents Sara is a parent of Omar.

    Queries (Examples)

    • ?- parent(ahmed,sara) – Is Ahmed a parent of Sara? (true)
    • ?- parent(ali,X) – Who is a parent of Ali? (returns osama)
    • ?- parent(sara,Y) – Who are the children of Sara? (returns batol, omar)

    Solutions to Queries

    • The query results demonstrate Prolog's ability to find solutions based on the facts and rules.
    • Solutions returned for queries are shown as output (e.g.,true, osama, batol, omar).

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    Related Documents

    Logic Programming PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers the essentials of logic programming with a focus on Prolog syntax, facts, and rules. Understand how to create a knowledge base and query it effectively. Test your knowledge on the fundamental concepts of Prolog in this informative quiz.

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