Logic Programming Fundamentals

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of logical programming?

The primary focus of logical programming is on the knowledge base and the problem.

How does the execution of a logical programming program resemble?

The execution of a logical programming program resembles the proof of a mathematical statement.

What is the central model of abstraction in functional programming paradigms?

The central model of abstraction in functional programming paradigms is the function.

What is the key characteristic of functions in functional programming paradigms?

Functions hide their implementation and can be replaced with their values without changing the meaning of the program. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of database/data driven programming approach?

The primary focus of database/data driven programming approach is on data and its movement. Signup and view all the answers

How are program statements defined in database/data driven programming approach?

Program statements are defined by data rather than hard-coding a series of steps. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of a database program in a business information system?

A database program provides file creation, data entry, update, query, and reporting functions. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main application of database/data driven programming approach?

The main application of database/data driven programming approach is to streams of structured data, for filtering, transforming, aggregating, or calling other programs. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main benefit of using object-oriented programming in software development?

Object-oriented programming makes it easier to modify programs by eliminating redundant code and extending the use of existing classes. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of parallel processing in computer systems?

The primary goal of parallel processing is to run a program in less time by dividing the instructions among multiple processors. Signup and view all the answers

How does declarative programming differ from imperative programming?

Declarative programming focuses on what needs to be done, whereas imperative programming focuses on how it should be done. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of using declarative programming for parallel programs?

Declarative programming can simplify the writing of parallel programs. Signup and view all the answers

What is the principle of data hiding in object-oriented programming?

It is the principle of hiding the implementation details of an object from the outside world. Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of using message passing techniques in object-oriented systems?

It makes communication with external systems much simpler. Signup and view all the answers

What is a programming paradigm, and how is it related to solving problems?

A programming paradigm is an approach to solve a problem using a programming language or a method to solve a problem using tools and techniques that are available to us, following some strategy. Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of logic programming paradigms?

It focuses on solving logical problems like puzzles and series. Signup and view all the answers

How does object-oriented programming help in managing software complexity?

It helps in managing software complexity by dividing the program into smaller, manageable objects. Signup and view all the answers

How many broad categories are programming paradigms divided into?

Two Signup and view all the answers

What is the basis of the Imperative programming paradigm?

Von Neumann architecture Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of the Imperative programming paradigm?

On how to achieve the goal Signup and view all the answers

What is one advantage of the Imperative programming paradigm?

Very simple to implement Signup and view all the answers

What is one disadvantage of the Imperative programming paradigm?

Complex problems cannot be solved Signup and view all the answers

What is another name for Imperative programming paradigm?

Procedural Programming Signup and view all the answers

What is a limitation of the Imperative programming paradigm when it comes to computing?

It's not suitable for parallel processing Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Introduction to Programming Paradigms

A programming paradigm is an approach to solve a problem using some programming language or a method to solve a problem using tools and techniques available.
There are many programming languages, and each follows a strategy or methodology, known as a paradigm.
Paradigms can be divided into two broad categories: Imperative and Declarative.

Imperative Programming Paradigm

One of the oldest programming paradigms, closely related to machine architecture.
Based on Von Neumann architecture.
Works by changing the program state through assignment statements.
Performs step-by-step tasks by changing state.
Focus is on how to achieve the goal.
Consists of several statements, and after execution, the result is stored.
Advantages:
- Very simple to implement.
- Contains loops, variables, etc.
Disadvantages:
- Complex problems cannot be solved.
- Less efficient and less productive.

Declarative Programming Paradigm

Divided into three subcategories: Logic, Functional, and Database.
A style of building programs that expresses the logic of computation without talking about its control flow.
Often considers programs as theories of some logic.
Simplifies writing parallel programs.
Focus is on what needs to be done, rather than how it should be done.

Logic Programming Paradigm

Can be termed as an abstract model of computation.
Solves logical problems like puzzles, series, etc.

Functional Programming Paradigm

Has its roots in mathematics and is language-independent.
The central model for abstraction is the function, which is meant for specific computation and not data structure.
Data are loosely coupled to functions.
Functions hide their implementation.
Functions can be replaced with their values without changing the meaning of the program.

Database/Data Driven Programming Approach

Based on data and its movement.
Program statements are defined by data rather than hard-coding a series of steps.
A database program is the heart of a business information system and provides file creation, data entry, update, query, and reporting functions.

Object-Oriented Programming Principles

Benefits:
- Eliminate redundant code and extend the use of existing classes through inheritance.
- Build secure programs by the principle of data hiding.
- Easy to partition work in a project based on objects.
- Object-oriented systems can be easily upgraded from small to large systems.
- Communication with external systems is simpler by means of message passing techniques.
- Software complexity can be easily managed.

Parallel Processing Approach

Processing of program instructions by dividing them among multiple processors.
A parallel processing system possesses many numbers of processors with the objective of running a program in less time by dividing them.
Examples: NESL (one of the oldest) and C/C++ also supports due to some library functions.

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Description

This quiz covers the basics of logic programming, including knowledge bases, problem-solving, and the role of artificial intelligence and machine learning. It explores the differences between logic programming and traditional programming languages.