Podcast
Questions and Answers
Algorithmic strategies involve using mental shortcuts to solve a problem.
Algorithmic strategies involve using mental shortcuts to solve a problem.
False
The bounded rationality model of decision making assumes that decision-makers have complete information and are objective in their evaluation.
The bounded rationality model of decision making assumes that decision-makers have complete information and are objective in their evaluation.
False
Analogical problem-solving strategies involve finding a step-by-step procedure to solve a problem.
Analogical problem-solving strategies involve finding a step-by-step procedure to solve a problem.
False
The sunk cost fallacy is a bias that involves seeking out information that confirms existing beliefs.
The sunk cost fallacy is a bias that involves seeking out information that confirms existing beliefs.
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The intuitive model of decision making is based on complete information and objective evaluation.
The intuitive model of decision making is based on complete information and objective evaluation.
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Propositional logic deals with statements about objects and their properties.
Propositional logic deals with statements about objects and their properties.
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Critical thinking involves accepting information at face value and avoiding alternative perspectives.
Critical thinking involves accepting information at face value and avoiding alternative perspectives.
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The first step in problem-solving is to choose a solution.
The first step in problem-solving is to choose a solution.
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Inductive logic is concerned with making definitive conclusions based on data.
Inductive logic is concerned with making definitive conclusions based on data.
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Logical operators are used in critical thinking to express relationships between statements.
Logical operators are used in critical thinking to express relationships between statements.
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Study Notes
Reasoning
Logic
- Study of reasoning and argumentation
- Concerned with the principles and methods of distinguishing valid from invalid arguments
- Involves the use of logical operators (e.g. and, or, not) to express relationships between statements
- Types of logic:
- Propositional logic: Deals with statements that can be either true or false
- Predicate logic: Deals with statements about objects and their properties
- Inductive logic: Concerned with making probabilistic conclusions based on data
Critical Thinking
- Objective analysis and evaluation of information to form a judgment
- Involves identifying biases, assumptions, and flaws in reasoning
- Critical thinking skills:
- Analyzing information
- Identifying patterns and relationships
- Evaluating evidence
- Avoiding emotional appeals
- Considering alternative perspectives
Problem-Solving
- Process of identifying, analyzing, and resolving a problem
- Steps in problem-solving:
- Define the problem
- Identify possible solutions
- Evaluate solutions
- Choose a solution
- Implement and monitor the solution
- Types of problem-solving strategies:
- Algorithmic: Step-by-step procedure to solve a problem
- Heuristic: Rule-of-thumb or mental shortcut to solve a problem
- Analogical: Solving a problem by finding an analogy to a similar problem
Decision Making
- Process of selecting a course of action from available options
- Involves weighing the potential consequences of each option
- Decision-making models:
- Rational model: Based on complete information and objective evaluation
- Bounded rationality: Based on limited information and cognitive biases
- Intuitive model: Based on instinct and experience
- Biases in decision making:
- Confirmation bias: Tendency to seek out information that confirms existing beliefs
- Anchoring bias: Tendency to rely too heavily on the first piece of information
- Sunk cost fallacy: Tendency to continue investing in a decision because of resources already committed
Reasoning
- Logic is the study of reasoning and argumentation, focusing on distinguishing valid from invalid arguments
- It involves using logical operators (e.g., and, or, not) to express relationships between statements
Types of Logic
- Propositional logic: deals with statements that can be either true or false
- Predicate logic: deals with statements about objects and their properties
- Inductive logic: concerned with making probabilistic conclusions based on data
Critical Thinking
- Critical thinking is objective analysis and evaluation of information to form a judgment
- It involves identifying biases, assumptions, and flaws in reasoning
Critical Thinking Skills
- Analyzing information
- Identifying patterns and relationships
- Evaluating evidence
- Avoiding emotional appeals
- Considering alternative perspectives
Problem-Solving
- Problem-solving is a process that involves identifying, analyzing, and resolving a problem
Steps in Problem-Solving
- Define the problem
- Identify possible solutions
- Evaluate solutions
- Choose a solution
- Implement and monitor the solution
Types of Problem-Solving Strategies
- Algorithmic: step-by-step procedure to solve a problem
- Heuristic: rule-of-thumb or mental shortcut to solve a problem
- Analogical: solving a problem by finding an analogy to a similar problem
Decision Making
- Decision making is the process of selecting a course of action from available options
- It involves weighing the potential consequences of each option
Decision-Making Models
- Rational model: based on complete information and objective evaluation
- Bounded rationality: based on limited information and cognitive biases
- Intuitive model: based on instinct and experience
Biases in Decision Making
- Confirmation bias: tendency to seek out information that confirms existing beliefs
- Anchoring bias: tendency to rely too heavily on the first piece of information
- Sunk cost fallacy: tendency to continue investing in a decision because of resources already committed
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Description
Test your understanding of logical principles and methods, including propositional and predicate logic, and inductive reasoning.
