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Questions and Answers
What is the statement form which is always true called?
What is the statement form which is always true called?
In indirect proof methods, we begin by affirming the conclusion.
In indirect proof methods, we begin by affirming the conclusion.
False (B)
What is the name for a proposition that states that an individual has a certain property?
What is the name for a proposition that states that an individual has a certain property?
singular proposition
The rule of inference can only be applied to the ________ statement.
The rule of inference can only be applied to the ________ statement.
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Match the following terms with their descriptions in predicate logic:
Match the following terms with their descriptions in predicate logic:
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Which of the following is considered the founder of traditional logic?
Which of the following is considered the founder of traditional logic?
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In an E proposition, only the subject term is distributed.
In an E proposition, only the subject term is distributed.
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What type of premise contains the predicate term in a syllogism?
What type of premise contains the predicate term in a syllogism?
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Study Notes
Chapter 1: Decision Procedure
- STTM is an indirect method
- Negation is a monadic operator
- Contradiction is always false
- A tautology is a statement form that is always true
- STTM is a decision procedure based on the reductio-ad-absurdum method
Chapter 2: Deductive Proof
- Indirect proof methods begin by denying the conclusion
- Rules of inference apply only to whole statements
- In conditional proof, the antecedent of the conclusion is assumed
- Indirect proof is a deductive proof method based on the reductio-ad-absurdum method
Chapter 3: Predicate Logic
- A singular proposition states whether an individual possesses a property
- General propositions assert something about classes
- Propositional functions are neither true nor false
- Predicate constants represent specific properties
- (Χ) is the universal quantifier
- "Given anything" is an example of a universal quantifier
- Variables not part of a quantifier, without a quantifier, are called free variables.
- "There is at least one x" is an existential quantifier
Chapter 4: Traditional Logic
- Aristotle founded traditional logic
- A term is distributed when it refers to the entire class
- In traditional logic, singular propositions are considered universal
- There is a subalternation relationship between A and I propositions
- A disjunctive proposition states alternatives in traditional logic.
- In E propositions, both terms are distributed
- A valid syllogism's premises imply its conclusion
- The premise with the predicate term is the major premise
- Syllogisms have three terms
- An argument involving propositions is called a sorites argument
Chapter 5: Induction
- Observation and experiments are other material grounds for induction.
- Repetition is possible in experiments
- The misinterpretation of facts in observations is the fallacy of mal observation.
- Experiment variation is possible.
- Causation is a formal basis for induction
- Hypotheses are tentative solutions to problems
- Simple hypotheses make minimal assumptions
- Hypotheses are significant in scientific investigation
- Insight is one origin of hypotheses
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Description
Explore the fundamental concepts of logic through Chapters 1 to 3. This quiz covers decision procedures, deductive proofs, and predicate logic, introducing key definitions such as tautologies and quantifiers. Test your understanding of how logical statements function and the methods of proof in philosophical reasoning.
