16 Questions
In cogent arguments, what links the premises to the conclusion?
The form of the argument
What are the 3 parts of the soul according to Plato?
The rational, the spirited and the vegetative
According to Plato, where are the Forms located?
Immaterial
According to Plato, what are particular things?
In time
What is the main focus of a 'Philosophy of' class?
Philosophical reflection and critique of the concepts of the discipline under study
What is logic primarily concerned with?
Arguments
In deductive arguments, what does a valid form guarantee?
If the premises are true, the conclusion must also be true
What is the focus of logic when we specifically focus on arguments?
The study of how we move from premises to conclusions in arguments
In a valid argument, which of the following statements is true?
There cannot be an invalid form
Which of the following is true about uncogent arguments?
There can be both an invalid form and an untrue premise
What is a characteristic of cogent arguments?
The premises are linked to the conclusion by a degree of probability, which we find sufficient to establish the truth of the conclusion
What connects the premises to the conclusion in an invalid argument?
The probability of the premises are linked to the conclusion by the form of the argument
According to Plato, why are particular things not true reality?
Because they are not true reality because they are not immaterial
What is the main reason Plato considers the Forms as true reality?
Because they are eternal
Which term refers to the practice of questioning to reveal ignorance or to refute an argument?
Elenchus
What term is used to describe the branch of philosophy dealing with the nature of knowledge?
Epistemology
Study Notes
Argument Structure
- In cogent arguments, the premises logically guarantee the conclusion.
- In deductive arguments, a valid form guarantees the conclusion must be true if the premises are true.
Plato's Philosophy
- The three parts of the soul, according to Plato, are rational, spirited, and appetitive.
- The Forms, or perfect versions of abstract concepts, are located in a realm beyond the physical world.
- Particular things, according to Plato, are imperfect reflections or shadows of the Forms.
- Plato considers particular things not to be true reality because they are imperfect and-changing.
Logic and Argumentation
- Logic is primarily concerned with the principles of reasoning.
- When focusing on arguments, logic concentrates on the principles of inference.
- In a valid argument, if the premises are true, the conclusion must also be true.
- Uncogent arguments have premises that do not logically guarantee the conclusion.
- A characteristic of cogent arguments is that the premises provide strong evidence for the conclusion.
- In an invalid argument, there is no logical connection between the premises and the conclusion.
Philosophical Concepts
- The Socratic method refers to the practice of questioning to reveal ignorance or to refute an argument.
- The branch of philosophy dealing with the nature of knowledge is called epistemology.
Test your understanding of logic and argumentation with this quiz. Determine whether the given statements about premises and conclusions are true or false, and enhance your knowledge of cogent arguments.
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