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Questions and Answers
Which enzyme is responsible for the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostanoids?
Which enzyme is responsible for the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostanoids?
- Cyclooxygenase (correct)
- Glucocorticoids
- Lipoxygenase
- Leukotriene antagonists
Which isoform of cyclooxygenase is responsible for the 'physiological' roles of prostaglandins and thromboxanes?
Which isoform of cyclooxygenase is responsible for the 'physiological' roles of prostaglandins and thromboxanes?
- Lipoxygenase
- COX-2
- COX-1 (correct)
- COX-3
Which enzyme needs to be stimulated by inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1 and TNFα?
Which enzyme needs to be stimulated by inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1 and TNFα?
- Cyclooxygenase (correct)
- Lipoxygenase
- Glucocorticoids
- Leukotriene antagonists
Which cells specialise in making particular eicosanoids such as PGD2?
Which cells specialise in making particular eicosanoids such as PGD2?
Which eicosanoid receptor subtype mediates its effects by acting at its receptors?
Which eicosanoid receptor subtype mediates its effects by acting at its receptors?
Which leukotriene is much more potent than histamine in inducing bronchoconstriction, airway oedema, and cellular infiltration of eosinophils and neutrophils?
Which leukotriene is much more potent than histamine in inducing bronchoconstriction, airway oedema, and cellular infiltration of eosinophils and neutrophils?
Which leukotriene receptor antagonist blocks the receptor for cysteinyl leukotrienes (LTC4, LTD4, LTE4)?
Which leukotriene receptor antagonist blocks the receptor for cysteinyl leukotrienes (LTC4, LTD4, LTE4)?
Which leukotriene receptor antagonist is useful in the prevention of mild to moderate asthma and early to late bronchoconstrictor effects of allergens?
Which leukotriene receptor antagonist is useful in the prevention of mild to moderate asthma and early to late bronchoconstrictor effects of allergens?
Which eicosanoid acts at the TP receptors for contraction?
Which eicosanoid acts at the TP receptors for contraction?
Which eicosanoid acts at the IP receptors for relaxation?
Which eicosanoid acts at the IP receptors for relaxation?
What is the role of histamine in acute inflammation?
What is the role of histamine in acute inflammation?
What is the clinical utility of H1 and H2 receptor antagonists?
What is the clinical utility of H1 and H2 receptor antagonists?
What is the main effect of eicosanoids in inflammation?
What is the main effect of eicosanoids in inflammation?
What is the function of NSAIDs like aspirin and ibuprofen in inflammation?
What is the function of NSAIDs like aspirin and ibuprofen in inflammation?
What is the major side effect of H1 receptor antagonists?
What is the major side effect of H1 receptor antagonists?
Which enzyme is involved in the formation of prostanoids from arachidonic acid?
Which enzyme is involved in the formation of prostanoids from arachidonic acid?
What are the main effects of eicosanoids?
What are the main effects of eicosanoids?
What is the function of leukotrienes in inflammation?
What is the function of leukotrienes in inflammation?
What is the effect of aspirin on gastric cytoprotection?
What is the effect of aspirin on gastric cytoprotection?
What are the effects of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in relation to inflammation?
What are the effects of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in relation to inflammation?
What are the signs of inflammation?
What are the signs of inflammation?
Which of the following is a local hormone involved in inflammation?
Which of the following is a local hormone involved in inflammation?
What are the two types of inflammation mentioned in the text?
What are the two types of inflammation mentioned in the text?
Which neurotransmitter derived from tryptophan plays a role in inflammation?
Which neurotransmitter derived from tryptophan plays a role in inflammation?
What are lipid mediators of inflammation collectively known as?
What are lipid mediators of inflammation collectively known as?
What is the main function of anti-inflammatory drugs?
What is the main function of anti-inflammatory drugs?
Where is histamine synthesized and stored?
Where is histamine synthesized and stored?
What occurs in the first 24 hours of repair/healing from inflammation?
What occurs in the first 24 hours of repair/healing from inflammation?
What are the effects of histamine release in response to various stimuli?
What are the effects of histamine release in response to various stimuli?
How can histamine and gastric acid secretion be managed?
How can histamine and gastric acid secretion be managed?
Study Notes
- Inflammation is the body's response to invasion by pathogens or allergens, and injury from heat, ultraviolet radiation, or chemicals.
- Signs of inflammation include calor (warmth), rubor (redness), dolor (pain), tumor (swelling), and functio laesa (loss of function).
- Chronic inflammation can cause severe tissue damage, such as atherosclerosis.
- Acute inflammation includes anaphylaxis and sepsis.
- Anti-inflammatory drugs are commonly prescribed to manage inflammation.
- Inflammation involves a complex series of steps: recognition of the injurious agent, recruitment of leukocytes, removal of the agent, regulation of the response, and resolution (repair).
- Repair/healing occurs in the first 24 hours through the influx of immune cells and local hormones.
- Histamine is a local hormone that plays a key role in inflammation, and is synthesized and stored in mast cells, basophils, neurons, and histaminergic cells.
- Histamine is released in response to various stimuli and produces many effects, including increased blood flow and vascular permeability, contraction of non-vascular smooth muscle, and algesia (pain, itching, and sneezing).
- Histamine has important clinical roles in acute inflammation and stimulating gastric acid secretion.
- Histamine and gastric acid secretion can be managed with H1 and H2 antagonists, which have various therapeutic and side effects.
- 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), a neurotransmitter derived from tryptophan, also plays a role in inflammation by increasing the number of mast cells and enhancing inflammatory reactions.
- Lipid mediators of inflammation, including prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes, are collectively known as eicosanoids and are important for inflammation due to their role in mediating various responses in blood vessels and immune cells.
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Description
Test your knowledge on local hormones and inflammation with this quiz. Topics include the role of histamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine, clinical utility of H1 and H2 receptor antagonists, eicosanoids, prostanoids, leukotrienes, and enzymatic pathways related to inflammation.
