Questions and Answers
What is the role of the President in relation to local governments in the Philippines?
Exercises general supervision over local governments
Which territorial subdivisions are included in the Philippines?
Provinces, cities, municipalities, barangays, autonomous regions, and metropolitan political subdivisions
What power do local governments have in terms of revenue and taxes?
They can create their own sources of revenues and levy taxes under guidelines set by Congress
Who is responsible for enacting a local government code in the Philippines?
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Under whose approval can local governments group themselves and create metropolitan political subdivisions?
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What is the purpose of enacting an organic act for each autonomous region?
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What powers are established by the organic act for each autonomous region?
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What does the Constitution set out the roles and responsibilities of within the autonomous region?
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What is the role of the national government in terms of defense and security within the autonomous region?
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What is included in the matters over which the autonomous region has legislative powers?
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Study Notes
- The 1987 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines establishes local government provisions in Article 10.
- The territorial subdivisions of the Philippines include provinces, cities, municipalities, barangays, autonomous regions in Muslim Mindanao and the Cordilleras.
- Local governments enjoy local autonomy and have the power to create their own sources of revenues and levy taxes under guidelines set by Congress.
- The President ensures local governments act within their prescribed powers and functions, and each local unit has the power to determine its term of office and number of consecutive terms for elective officials.
- The Congress is tasked with enacting a local government code that provides for the organization and operation of local units, allocates their powers, responsibilities, and resources, and establishes qualifications, election, appointment, and removal of local officials.
- The President exercises general supervision over local governments and ensures their acts are within their prescribed powers.
- Local governments may group themselves, coordinate efforts, and create metropolitan political subdivisions subject to a plebiscite and Congress approval.
- The President creates regional development councils to strengthen the autonomy of local units and accelerate economic and social growth.
- Autonomous regions in Muslim Mindanao and the Cordilleras are created, consisting of provinces, cities, municipalities, and geographical areas sharing common historical and cultural heritage, economic and social structures, and subject to the national sovereignty and territorial integrity of the Republic of the Philippines.
- The Congress enacts an organic act for each autonomous region in consultation with regional consultative commissions.
- The organic act defines the basic structure of the regional government, provides for special courts, and establishes legislative powers over matters such as administrative organization, creation of sources of revenues, ancestral domain, natural resources, personal family and property relations, regional urban and rural planning development, and economic, social, and tourism development.
- The Constitution sets out the roles and responsibilities of local police agencies for maintaining peace and order, and the national government for defense and security within the region.
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