5 Questions
What is the definition of local anesthetics?
Local anesthetics are drugs that, when given either topically or parenterally to a localized area, produce a state of local anesthesia by reversible blocking of the sensory nerve conductance that transmits the feeling of pain from this area to the brain.
What is the classification of local anesthetics based on their derivatives?
Local anesthetics are classified into ester derivatives and amide derivatives.
What are the differences between ester and amide local anesthetics?
Ester local anesthetics are generally unstable in solution, fast-acting, and commonly associated with allergic reactions. Amide local anesthetics are generally heat-stable, have a slower onset of action, and longer half-life than ester anesthetics.
What are some examples of amide derivatives of local anesthetics?
Lidocaine (lignocaine) and Bupivacaine are examples of amide derivatives of local anesthetics.
How are synthetic local anesthetics related to cocaine, and what distinguishes them from cocaine?
Synthetic local anesthetics are structurally related to cocaine but do not have abuse potential and do not act on the sympathetic nervous system, thus avoiding hypertension.
Study Notes
Definition and Classification of Local Anesthetics
- Local anesthetics are medications that reversibly block the transmission of nerve impulses, resulting in numbness or lack of sensation in a specific area of the body.
Classification of Local Anesthetics
- Local anesthetics are classified based on their derivatives: esters and amides.
Ester vs. Amide Local Anesthetics
- Ester local anesthetics are derived from benzoic acid and are hydrolyzed by the enzyme pseudocholinesterase in the plasma, resulting in a shorter duration of action and potential for allergic reactions.
- Amide local anesthetics are derived from aniline and are metabolized in the liver, resulting in a longer duration of action and less risk of allergic reactions.
Examples of Amide Derivatives
- Examples of amide derivatives of local anesthetics include lidocaine, prilocaine, mepivacaine, and bupivacaine.
Synthetic Local Anesthetics and Cocaine
- Synthetic local anesthetics are derived from the alkaloid cocaine, which was first used as a local anesthetic in the late 19th century.
- Synthetic local anesthetics differ from cocaine in that they have been modified to reduce their toxicity and addictive potential, making them safer for medical use.
Test your knowledge of local anesthetics with this quiz. Explore the classification, mechanism of action, and uses of these drugs in providing localized anesthesia. Ideal for medical students, healthcare professionals, and anyone interested in pharmacology.
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