Local Anesthesia in Dentistry

Local Anesthetic

• Local anesthetic injections numb the mouth area needing dental work.

Dental Anesthetic Tools

• Needles: Used for injection.
• Cartridges/Carpules: Contain the anesthetic solution.
• Syringe: Used to administer the injection.

Infiltration Technique

• Used for maxillary teeth.
• Involves injecting anesthetic near the tooth's roots.
• The technique targets specific areas around the teeth.
• Illustrations show the anatomy of the mouth, including the periosteum, alveolar bone, mucous membrane, nerve, and mucobuccal fold.

Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block Technique

• Used for mandibular teeth.
• Injection targets the inferior alveolar nerve.

Indications for Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

• Decayed teeth: Non-restorable.
• Severe dental caries/infection: Requires removal.
• Root fragments: Need extraction.
• Extra teeth: Blocking others, needing removal for orthodontic treatment.
• Severe gingival disease: Advanced gum disease.
• Impacted teeth: Unemerged teeth, needing surgical removal.
• Malformed teeth: Dental abnormalities.
• Supernumerary teeth: Extra teeth.
• Cysts and tumors: Require removal.
• Biopsy: Tissue sample for analysis.
• Fractured teeth: Damaged teeth.
• Mandible/maxilla fractures: Jawbone injuries.
• Cleft lip/palate repairs: Congenital conditions.

Tooth Extraction

• A procedure to remove a tooth.
• Historically performed before the discovery of antibiotics.
• Removing diseased teeth was crucial to prevent infection.

Simple Exodontia/Forceps Extraction

• Tooth removal using forceps.
• Forceps selection is crucial for safety and efficiency.

Extraction Procedures (Maxillary/Mandibular)

• Specific extraction tools and procedures exist for upper and lower teeth.

Elevators in Tooth Extraction

• Dental instruments that loosen and extract teeth.

Pressure Pack After Tooth Extraction

• Sterile gauze placed to control bleeding.
• Patients bite firmly on the gauze to aid in clotting.
• Helps manage post-operative bleeding.

Postoperative Care (Bleeding Control)

• Instructions for controlling post-operative bleeding.
• Keep pressure pack in place for 30-45 minutes after the procedure.
• Avoid vigorous mouth rinsing.
• Avoid using the tongue to disturb blood clots.
• Warn patients of potential lip biting due to numbness and soft tissue issues.
• Call office if bleeding continues.

Postoperative Care (Pain Control)

• Dentist provides pain control instructions according to the procedure's severity.

Postoperative Diet

• On surgery day, limit intake to liquids and soft foods.
• Attempt to eat on the opposite side of the mouth.
• Avoid eating hot or cold foods.
• After 24 hours, patients can typically eat solid foods as tolerated.

Dry Socket

• A condition related to extraction.
• Occurs following extraction when the blood clotting process is disturbed.

This quiz covers the principles and techniques of local anesthesia used in dental procedures. It discusses various tools, infiltration techniques, and the inferior alveolar nerve block, along with indications for oral and maxillofacial surgery. Test your understanding of anesthetic administration in dentistry!