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Questions and Answers
Which of the following correctly describes the diversity factor for the primary feeder?
Which of the following correctly describes the diversity factor for the primary feeder?
- The sum of all loads divided by the number of loads
- Total demand at peak hour
- The average load divided by maximum load
- The ratio of total load to the peak load (correct)
What is the reported annual peak load input for the primary feeder?
What is the reported annual peak load input for the primary feeder?
- 2500 kW
- 3000 kW
- 2000 kW (correct)
- 1500 kW
What is the diversity factor for the group of six residential houses connected to the distribution transformer?
What is the diversity factor for the group of six residential houses connected to the distribution transformer?
- 0.80
- 1.00
- 1.20
- 1.10 (correct)
How is the demand factor defined in relation to a group of connected houses?
How is the demand factor defined in relation to a group of connected houses?
What is the maximum demand of the generating station given in the content?
What is the maximum demand of the generating station given in the content?
What is the peak demand time for residential loads on one of the feeders?
What is the peak demand time for residential loads on one of the feeders?
What is the load factor calculated if 400 x 10^3 MWh are generated in a year?
What is the load factor calculated if 400 x 10^3 MWh are generated in a year?
Given a combined peak demand of 3 MW, how would you describe the diversity factor of the load connected to the transformer?
Given a combined peak demand of 3 MW, how would you describe the diversity factor of the load connected to the transformer?
What does a load of 300 kW for commercial use suggest at 12 PM?
What does a load of 300 kW for commercial use suggest at 12 PM?
When analyzing the coincidence factor, which of the following would NOT be considered?
When analyzing the coincidence factor, which of the following would NOT be considered?
How is the demand factor defined in the context of the generating station?
How is the demand factor defined in the context of the generating station?
What is the diversity factor if an industrial load peaks at 2 MW and peak combined demand is 3 MW?
What is the diversity factor if an industrial load peaks at 2 MW and peak combined demand is 3 MW?
If the annual peak load of a primary feeder is 2000 kW and the copper loss is 80 kW, how would you describe the efficiency of the system?
If the annual peak load of a primary feeder is 2000 kW and the copper loss is 80 kW, how would you describe the efficiency of the system?
What is the formula for Loss Factor (LLF) when the off-peak load is zero?
What is the formula for Loss Factor (LLF) when the off-peak load is zero?
In urban areas, how is Loss Factor (LLF) calculated when the load is steady?
In urban areas, how is Loss Factor (LLF) calculated when the load is steady?
What does the Coincidence Factor (CF) measure?
What does the Coincidence Factor (CF) measure?
What does a high Diversity Factor (FD) indicate?
What does a high Diversity Factor (FD) indicate?
How is Load Diversity (LD) defined?
How is Load Diversity (LD) defined?
What does the Contribution Factor (CF) indicate?
What does the Contribution Factor (CF) indicate?
When the loads are equal, how is the Contribution Factor simplified?
When the loads are equal, how is the Contribution Factor simplified?
What relationship does the equation CF = P_C / sum of individual maximum demands illustrate?
What relationship does the equation CF = P_C / sum of individual maximum demands illustrate?
What is the maximum duty cycle allowed by utility remote control for the 5 kW air conditioner?
What is the maximum duty cycle allowed by utility remote control for the 5 kW air conditioner?
Which rate structure allows for varying charges based on the time of day?
Which rate structure allows for varying charges based on the time of day?
Which item is typically included in a customer bill for an electric utility?
Which item is typically included in a customer bill for an electric utility?
What does a demand meter measure in addition to regular electric energy consumption?
What does a demand meter measure in addition to regular electric energy consumption?
If there are 100,000 air conditioners subject to a reduced duty cycle, what must be calculated to find the reduced energy consumption during the peak hour?
If there are 100,000 air conditioners subject to a reduced duty cycle, what must be calculated to find the reduced energy consumption during the peak hour?
What is the role of the environmental surcharge on an electric bill?
What is the role of the environmental surcharge on an electric bill?
In the rate structure formula, what does rate refer to?
In the rate structure formula, what does rate refer to?
What percentage is noted as peak T&D losses in the scenario presented?
What percentage is noted as peak T&D losses in the scenario presented?
Study Notes
Load Factor (LF) and Loss Factor (LLF)
- The load factor is the ratio of average power loss to power loss at peak load.
- The Loss Factor (LLF) is directly related to the Load Factor (LF).
- When the off-peak load is zero, LF = LLF = t / T, where t is the duration of the load and T is the total time period.
- For very short-lasting peaks, LLF approaches (LF)^2.
- For steady loads, LLF is a function of LF, with different formulas for urban and rural areas.
Coincidence Factor (CF)
- CF is the ratio of coincident maximum demand to the sum of individual maximum demands.
- CF = P_C / (∑_(i=1)^n P_i) = 1 / FD, where P_C is the coincident maximum demand and P_i is the individual maximum demand of the ith consumer.
Diversity Factor (FD)
- FD is the ratio of the sum of individual maximum demands to the coincident maximum demand.
- FD = (∑_(i=1)^n P_i) / P_C
- A high diversity factor indicates a desirable quality, as it results in a lower maximum demand on the plant, leading to a smaller plant capacity and reduced fixed charges.
Load Diversity (LD)
- LD is the difference between the sum of individual load peaks and the peak of the combined load.
- LD = (∑_(i=1)^n P_i) - P_C
Contribution Factor (CF)
- CF is the contribution per unit of individual maximum demand of the ith load.
- CF = (∑(i=1)^n C_i P_i) / (∑(i=1)^n P_i), where C_i is the contribution factor of the ith load.
Demand Factor
- Demand factor is the ratio of maximum demand to the connected load.
Electric Meter Types
- An electric meter measures the amount of electricity used by a customer.
- A demand meter incorporates a timing element to measure the maximum demand over a specific timeframe.
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Description
This quiz covers essential concepts related to Load Factor (LF), Loss Factor (LLF), Coincidence Factor (CF), and Diversity Factor (FD). Understand the relationships and formulas that govern these important electrical engineering metrics. Test your knowledge and deepen your comprehension of efficiency in power systems.
