BQDN 004 C_2024

Public Key Encryption

• In public key encryption, the recipient uses their private key to decrypt the message

Bash Command Redirection

• In Bash, |& redirects both standard output and standard error of a command to another command
• |& is equivalent to 2>&1 |
• It lets the second command receive both the output and errors from the first

Modifying Secure Identifiers on Cloned Machines

• Sysprep (System Preparation Tool) is used to modify the Secure Identifier (SID) on cloned machines
• It's a Microsoft tool for preparing Windows installations for duplication/distribution
• Sysprep regenerates the SID to prevent conflicts between cloned machines

Code of Conduct for Public Employees (EBEP)

• The code of conduct for public employees applies to local administration employees when there is no specific regional regulation
• EBEP sets general rules that applies when there is no specific regional law

Internet Security Threats

• A trojan in a browser can compromise data integrity
• It does this by modifying or altering sent/received data
• Other threats mainly affect confidentiality or availability

Public Employee Classification (Real Decreto Legislativo 5/2015)

• Public employees are classified as career civil servants, interim civil servants, tenured staff, fixed-term staff, and temporary staff

Ping of Death

• The "Ping of Death" involves a modified Ping command that causes the recipient's system to shut down by manipulating the packet size
• It exploits a vulnerability with ICMP packets exceeding allowed size and causing buffer overflows upon fragmentation/reassembly

VPN Technologies

• GNU-VPNv2 is not a standard technology related to VPNs
• SSL/TLS, OpenVPN, and IPsec are technologies used for creating VPNs

Discriminatory Behaviors (Ley Orgánica 3/2007, Art. 7.3)

• Sexual harassment and harassment based on gender are considered discriminatory

First Normal Form (1NF) in Normalization Theory

• In 1NF, a relation should not allow repeated groups

National Security Scheme (ENS)

• The National Security Scheme consists of 4 basic principles and 15 minimum requirements, as per Real Decreto 311/2022
• ENS requires public administrations to meet these to protect information and services
• Technical standards are separate from this structure

Non-Helpdesk Software

• OpenJUMP, which is a SIG (Geographic Information System) application, is not a helpdesk or support tool
• Osticket, Glpi, and Request Tracker are designed for incident and support management

Snapshots in Backups

• A snapshot is a read-only image that's a copy of data frozen at a specific point in time
• Snapshots represent the state of a file system or volume at a specific moment
• They allow restoration to a previous state and are frequently used in virtualized environments

Advantages of Object-Oriented Programming

• Object-oriented programming improves code reusability, modularity, and maintenance
• It results in better interfaces, integration and adaptability

Object-Oriented Programming Encapsulation

• Encapsulation combines data and behavior in objects while hiding implementation details
• It hides the internal logic of objects, exposing only necessary info through public interfaces
• This protects the object's internal state and boosts software strength

Local Territorial Entities (Ley 7/1985, Art. 3)

• Municipalities, provinces, and islands (in Balearic and Canary Islands) are local territorial entities
• Associations of municipalities are local but not territorial entities

Digital Signature Guarantees

• Digital signatures guarantee the sender's identity and message integrity
• Does not provide content confidentiality as it does not encrypt the content

C Standard Library Header for printf

• The printf function is located in the stdio.h header file in the C standard library
• stdio.h means Standard Input/Output

Purpose of a Kanban Board

• The primary goal of a Kanban board is to visualize workflow and limit work in progress (WIP)
• Kanban improves efficiency and prevents overloads by showing the state of tasks and limiting concurrent work

MySQL Backup tools

• Both mysqldump and mysqlbackup can be used for backups in MySQL
• mysqldump is more common, while mysqlbackup is for the Enterprise Edition with advanced features

Encryption Keys in Digital Signatures with CERES

• When signing documents digitally using a CERES card, citizens use their private key to encrypt
• Others then use the signer's public key to verify authenticity

Security Copy Software

• Tivoli (by IBM), Veritas NetBackup, and Veeam Backup are used to manage and automate backups in corporate environments
• Each has unique features for copies of security but aims to achieve the same goal

The EBEP classification of the rights of public employees

• The EBEP classifies rights into individual rights and individual rights exercised collectively

Mandatory Urban Public Transportation

• Municipalities with over 50,000 residents must offer public transport
• Smaller municipalities can offer the same service voluntarily

Disadvantages of Slim Clients

• Slim clients need a more powerful server to run applications since they depend on more central power
• Fat clients can execute processes locally

Advantages of using DLLs

• DLLs or dynamic link libraries enable code sharing across applications which reduces memory use, promotes modular design, and facilitates easier software updates without recompilation

Comparing files byte by byte

• To compare two files byte by byte, use the cmp command in GNU/Linux
• This command is used to spot any minute differences between content for content comparison

Software development phase for MER use

• The Entity-Relationship Model helps draw out graphically all data and its structure in a database. In software development, it is especially helpful during the functional analysis phase

JavaScript comments

• JavaScript uses the '//' for single-line comments

Factors affecting wireless signal quality

• Distance between the sender and receiver, signal frequency, and obstruction- all affect how well wireless comms work

SQL statements

• The three classes for SQL statements are:
  • DDL (Data Definition Language) – for structure making
  • DML (Data Manipulation Language) – data manipulating
  • DCL (Data Control Language) – access controlling

Temporary Civil Servants

• Firing temporary civil servants must have a motivated reasoning behind it or justification

Provincial council plenary sessions

• The president or a third of the council members can call for an extraordinary plenary session

2G, 3G data technology

• HSPA, GPRS, and EDGE are similar in that they deal with sending data across wireless networks. HSPA works with 3G while the olders GPRS and EDGE work with 2G networks

Security Level classification under ENS

• National Security Scheme will classify system securities into the classes Basic, Media, and High

Physical Security safeguard

• Antivirus in particular is not a measure of physical security

Cryptographic systems

• managing the keys in asymmetric encryption is more complex than managing the keys in regular symmetric systems

Rootkits

• Rootkits cover up unauthorized access by hiding their presence
  • They act at a very primitive level, giving them high effectiveness and difficult to detection

Municipal plenary powers

• A city government’s plenary is in charge of many powers, particularly approving rules and supervising government operations, as well as how the municipalities give service

Cyber security threats - risk

• In cyber, “risk” is how serious a threat could become if it materializes depending how susceptible a system might be to an attack

System Defense Lines

• Firewalls, antiviruses, and network segmentations all aim to reduce potential disruptions, offer enough time to make corrective action and alleviate aftereffects should harm still come

IP addresses

• IP addresses may use CIDR block notations or decimal dotted notations for the mask

Windows system preparation

• The command sysprep /generalize gets rid of individual system data, notably the SID to allow conflict-free deployment across machines

Platform for collaborative code

• Jerga isn’t a coding development collaborative platform. It is an outdated slang. On the flip side, Gitlab, Github, and GNU Savannah for version and collaboration control in programming projects

Database Design Qualities

• A good database design should reflect the problem, be able to present all information with time while preventing redundancies and integrate the information effectively too

Windows Command for Active Directory Policy Update

• In Windows Active Directory systems, the command “gpupdate /force’ will start the updated policy without awaiting the next regular cycle

Object-oriented programming constructers

• To call a simple class A constructer from another one while using OOP, use this(); within the second constructer class

What is PHP Trim command

• To eliminate white spaces in PHP, you use trim() to clean the white character from either side of the string The same goes for removing form outputs as well

Ubuntu package elimination command

• In Ubuntu Linux, to uninstall a manually installed program you would run "Sudo dpkg -r chromium.deb." Apt get isn’t useful to uninstall this kind of package since it downloads deb files to use

Server network issues

• The solution here is that the SRV b’s firewall is likely hampering ICMP request if that is the error and even pinging A or gateways work fine, it’s likely due to the outside filters acting oddly

The higher the frequency of transmission

• The higher the frequency the transmission, the wider band you will get but lower strength which increases the chances of disruption. With lower frequencies, it's usually the other way round

Broadcast addresses

• In a network, network and broadcast come after first host and latest host address. Host addresses lay between these two delimiters.