60 Questions
Which sociomoral emotions first appear in toddlerhood?
Guilt, shame, embarrassment and pride
What shapes the sociomoral emotions in toddlerhood?
Cultural standards
Which sociomoral emotion is especially important to moral development in early childhood?
Empathy
What is the capacity for empathy like in early childhood?
It develops further
What promotes prosocial behavior in children?
Empathy
What contributes to the moral understanding of principles such as avoiding harm and being fair?
Empathy
What is the role of social learning and modeling in moral development?
Important
When do preschoolers become more capable of anticipating the consequences of their actions?
During toddlerhood
What do children learn by observing behavior and its consequences?
Principles of moral conduct
What do toddlers feel when they violate the expected standards for behavior in their social environment?
Guilt, shame or embarrassment
What is the relationship between empathy and prosocial behavior in early childhood?
As empathy increases, prosocial behavior increases.
What happens to moral development in early childhood?
Moral development advances in early childhood.
How do young children in early childhood respond to the approval or disapproval of others?
They respond with the appropriate sociomoral emotion.
What is one difference in moral views between young children in India and the United States?
Young children in India view it as acceptable to eat beef, but young children in the United States view it as wrong.
How do children learn moral rules early in life?
Moral rules are taught through explicit instruction.
What is the role of aunties, uncles, and older generations in teaching values to children?
They have the primary role in teaching values to children.
How is storytelling used as moral instruction in different cultures?
Storytelling is used by elders and young children participate in the narrative.
What is the underlying concept of a custom complex?
Every customary practice of a culture contains both the customary practice itself and the underlying cultural beliefs.
What is one example of moral learning through custom complexes in India?
Indian children learn that a menstruating woman does not cook food or sleep with her husband.
What does research on modeling suggest about young children's behavior?
Young children model their behavior after others they observe.
According to modelling theory, children are more likely to model their behavior after adults who are warm and responsive or who are viewed as having authority or prestige.
Children are more likely to model their behavior after adults who are distant and unresponsive.
What do children conclude after observing multiple occasions of others' behavior being rewarded or punished, according to modelling theory?
The rewarded behavior is morally desirable and the punished behavior is forbidden.
What does culturally patterned behavior imply, according to the text?
Culturally patterned behavior implies underlying moral beliefs.
What do young children begin to display in terms of moral reasoning, according to the text?
Young children begin to display the ability to reason morally at a very early age.
At what age do children understand the difference between telling the truth and lying, according to the text?
Children understand the difference between telling the truth and lying by the age of 3 or 4.
What is true about the moral judgments of young children, according to the text?
Young children tend to believe that stealing and lying are always wrong, without regard to the circumstances.
What is true about the moral reasoning of young children, according to the text?
Young children's moral reasoning is less complex than that of older children and adults.
What do young children contribute to in terms of moral socialization, according to the text?
Young children contribute to the socialization of others, thereby further strengthening their own commitment to moral rules and expectations.
What do young children protest against in an experimental study, according to the text?
Young children protest against a puppet destroying a drawing intended for another puppet.
What do young children do in an experimental study after witnessing a puppet destroying a drawing intended for another puppet, according to the text?
Young children tell adults about the destructive puppet.
Which sociomoral emotions first appear in toddlerhood?
Guilt, shame, embarrassment, and pride
What is the relationship between empathy and prosocial behavior in early childhood?
Empathy promotes prosocial behavior
What contributes to the moral understanding of principles such as avoiding harm and being fair?
Empathy
What do toddlers feel when they violate the expected standards for behavior in their social environment?
Guilt, shame, or embarrassment
What do young children contribute to in terms of moral socialization?
Observing behavior and its consequences
What is one difference in moral views between young children in India and the United States?
Custom complexes
What do young children begin to display in terms of moral reasoning, according to the text?
Understanding and application of moral principles
When do preschoolers become more capable of anticipating the consequences of their actions?
During the preschool years
What is true about the moral judgments of young children, according to the text?
They are influenced by cultural standards
What is true about the moral reasoning of young children, according to the text?
It improves with the development of perspective taking
What is the age at which children begin to display the rudiments of moral reasoning, according to the text?
3 years old
What is an example of culturally patterned behavior that implies underlying moral beliefs, according to the text?
Wearing specific clothing
What do young children conclude after observing multiple occasions of others' behavior being rewarded or punished, according to modelling theory?
The rewarded behavior is morally desirable
What is true about the moral judgments of young children in early childhood, according to the text?
They are based on fear of punishment
What do young children do in an experimental study after witnessing a puppet destroy a drawing intended for another puppet, according to the text?
They protest
At what age do children understand the difference between telling the truth and lying, according to the text?
4 years old
What is one difference in moral views between young children in India and the United States, according to the text?
Attitudes towards stealing
What do young children contribute to in terms of moral socialization, according to the text?
They contribute to the socialization of others
What shapes the sociomoral emotions in toddlerhood, according to the text?
Observing behavior and its consequences
What do toddlers feel when they violate the expected standards for behavior in their social environment, according to the text?
Shame
What is the main finding of Richard Shweder's research comparing children in India and the United States?
Children in both countries have different moral views
What is an example of moral learning through custom complexes in India?
Children learn that a menstruating woman should not cook food or sleep with her husband
How do young children in India and the United States view the acceptability of eating beef?
Young children in India view it as acceptable, but young children in the United States view it as wrong
What is one way that moral rules are taught to children?
Through explicit teaching of moral rules
What is the role of aunties, uncles, and older generations in teaching values to children?
They see it as their role to teach values to children
What is the relationship between empathy and prosocial behavior in early childhood?
As empathy increases, prosocial behavior increases
What is the main finding of research on modeling behavior in young children?
Young children tend to model their behavior after adults who are warm and responsive and who are viewed as having authority or prestige
What is the main finding of research on storytelling as moral instruction in different cultures?
Storytelling is used as moral instruction in some cultures
What is the main finding of research comparing moral views in early childhood in India and the United States?
There are some similarities in moral views between the two countries
What is the main finding of research on the cultural learning of morality in early childhood?
Children in different cultures have different moral views, but with some similarities
Test your knowledge on moral development in toddlers and preschoolers. Learn about sociomoral emotions, empathy, prosocial behavior, and the understanding of moral principles. See how preschoolers anticipate consequences and make choices.
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