LMGT 211: Laboratory Management Information

Questions and Answers

What is essential for effective communication?

Only the delivery of a message to another person

Neither the delivery of a message to another person nor the assurance that the message was correctly received and understood

Both the delivery of a message to another person and the assurance that the message was correctly received and understood (correct)

Only the assurance that the message was correctly received and understood

What is the primary purpose of vertical communication?

To facilitate communication between peers

To facilitate communication through social media

To facilitate communication between organizations

To facilitate communication through the bureaucratic hierarchy (correct)

What is an example of a formal source of communication in an organization?

News media

Gossip grapevine

Social media

Policy manual (correct)

What is the primary purpose of feedback and clarification of message in communication?

To ensure the receiver understands the message Signup and view all the answers

What type of communication occurs between managers and staff as peers?

Horizontal communication Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of an informal source of communication?

News media Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of dynamic communication?

It allows for simultaneous exchange of ideas and information Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a communication format?

Written message Signup and view all the answers

What is an advantage of written communication?

It allows the reader to study the message without worrying about mistranscription Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of nonverbal message?

Tone of voice Signup and view all the answers

What can be a barrier to effective communication due to individual differences?

people barrier Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to consider both content and context during message formulation?

To attend to semantics Signup and view all the answers

What is a step in improving the communication process?

Being a good listener Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of a non-aggressive personal distance and movement?

Positive and non-aggressive Signup and view all the answers

What is a decision?

A conscious choice made after evaluating alternatives Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of technical problem in communication?

Defect in the equipment used for transmission Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in the decision-making and problem-solving process?

Recognition Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of the evaluation and selection of solution step in decision making?

To evaluate each option within the context of the management plan and objectives Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of a well-made decision?

It is based on a complete investigation of the root causes and potential problems Signup and view all the answers

What can exert a tremendous influence on the choices made in the decision-making process?

Emotions, prejudice, peer pressure, and personal interest Signup and view all the answers

What type of tools involves personal judgment, solicitation of advice, and systematic option reviews?

Qualitative tools Signup and view all the answers

What is a branch of management science that specializes in providing quantitative tools for decision making?

Operations research Signup and view all the answers

What does probability analysis, a branch of operations research, measure?

Risk by assigning a value to the likelihood of a specific event occurring Signup and view all the answers

What is the last step in the decision-making and problem-solving process?

Implementation and follow-up Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Communication

Effective communication requires delivery of a message and assurance that it was correctly received and understood
Elements of effective communication include: sender, message, mode of transmission, receiver, decoding, and feedback/clarification of message

Sources of Communication

Formal communications network of the organization (e.g. work orders, memos, meetings, policy manual, job description, performance reviews, newsletters)
Informal sources (e.g. news media, professional colleagues, salespeople, gossip grapevine)

Communication Directions

Vertical communication: memos and directives that come down through the bureaucratic hierarchy, and responses that make their way back up
Horizontal communication: exchange of services, information, and work orders between managers and staff as peers

Methods of Communication

Dynamic communication: simultaneous exchange of ideas and information with spontaneous feedback
Canned or packaged messages: delivered in formats that don't allow immediate response

Communication Formats

Written messages (e.g. computer data, recorded visual presentations): easy to document, allows reader to study message
Verbal messages: enables manager to be seen or heard as a person, overcome formality
Nonverbal messages: includes tone of voice, body and facial expression, personal distance and movement, physical environment (e.g. furniture, office layout)

Barriers to Effective Communication

Structural barriers: distance and job position can isolate people from communication channels
Problem of semantics: attention needed for content and context during message formulation
Technical problems: defects in equipment, environment, or medium
People barrier: individual differences in background and perception can hinder communication

Improving the Communication Process

Be a good listener
Have empathy for others

Decision Making

A conscious choice made after evaluating available alternatives to achieve a specific result
Steps in decision making and problem solving:
- Recognition: recognize that something is wrong and needs attention
- Investigation: analyze cause and extent of problem
- Definition: define nature and boundaries of problem
- Identification of alternatives: solicit advice from staff
- Evaluation and selection of solution: evaluate options within management plan and objectives
- Implementation and follow-up: implement selected solution and follow up on success and progress

Features of a Well-Made Decision

Based on complete investigation of root causes and potential problems
Involves identification and evaluation of alternative solutions
Involves selection of best solution by in-depth analysis of available information
Encompasses effective strategy for implementing solution

Role of Human Behavior in the Communication Process

Emotions, prejudice, peer pressure, and personal interest can influence decision making
Human element can cloud the decision-making process

Decision Making Techniques

Qualitative tools: involve personal judgment, solicitation of advice, and systematic option reviews
Quantitative tools: include quality control measures and financial data, such as operations research (OR)

Operations Research (OR)

Probability analysis: measures risk by assigning a value to the likelihood of a specific event occurring

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Description

This quiz covers session objectives for Laboratory Management Information class, focusing on communication, decision making, and effective message transmission.