Living Organisms and Their Functions

Respiration is the process of breaking down food using oxygen to release energy. Breathing is the physical process of inhaling and exhaling.

The process of removing waste products from the body. Separated from defecation that is the removal of solid wastes.

A group of organs working together to perform a specific function in the body.

Cells come together to form tissues; tissues combine to form organs; and organs join to make organ systems.

Breaks down food into simpler forms (like sugars and proteins) absorbed into the bloodstream.

Carries blood, oxygen, nutrients, and hormones to cells; removes waste.

Takes in oxygen and releases carbon dioxide.

Sends messages between the brain and body (including sensation).

Transports water, minerals, and nutrients through the plant from roots to leaves and other parts.

Transports food (carbohydrates) from leaves to other parts of the plant.

Yellowing between plant veins, caused by nutrient deficiency (usually magnesium or nitrogen).

Plant root system with one main root and smaller lateral roots.

Plant root system with many thin roots spreading out.

Roots that grow from non-root parts of plants (stems, leaves) for support or anchorage.

Plants obtain necessary elements like nitrogen and magnesium from the soil as mineral ions.

Removes waste products from the body. Maintains proper balance of body fluids.

Reptiles breathe primarily with lungs, which have internal structures (alveoli) to maximize gas exchange. They use rib movements to expand and contract their lungs.

Birds have highly efficient lungs connected to air sacs that create a unidirectional airflow for continuous gas exchange. This structure supports the high metabolic needs of flight.

The process of breaking down food to release energy using oxygen.

The physical process of inhaling and exhaling air.

Plant cells have cell walls, chloroplasts, and large vacuoles, unlike animal cells.

Animal cells have cell membranes, cytoplasm, nucleus, and mitochondria.

The part of the microscope you look through, magnifying the image.

The seven key traits of living organisms, including movement, sensitivity, growth, respiration, exertion, nutrition.

A balanced diet includes carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, water, and fiber.

The diaphragm contracts, causing the lungs to fill with air.

The diaphragm relaxes, causing the air to leave the lungs.

Living organisms change to survive in their habitat through body parts and behaviors.

The skeleton provides structure and shape to the body, helping us stand upright.

The skeleton protects vital organs, such as the brain, heart, and lungs.

Bones work with muscles to create movement. Joints allow for bending.

Bone marrow inside some bones creates blood cells.

Energy from natural sources that never run out or can be replaced quickly.

Energy from sources in the Earth that take millions of years to form and will eventually run out.

Energy can move from one place to another, change from one type to another, or act upon an object (but never disappears).

Energy is measured in Joules (J) and Kilojoules (kJ).

Voltage and potential difference are measured in volts (V) using a voltmeter.

Circuits' currents add up when the branches meet; the total entering is equal to the total leaving a junction in parallel circuits.

Force is equal to mass times acceleration (F = ma).

Forces that act when two objects touch.

A substance that provides nutrients to plants, enhancing their growth and production. It can be natural or artificial.

Represents the three essential plant nutrients: Nitrogen, Potassium, and Phosphorus. These nutrients are crucial for plant growth and development.

The system comprised of bones, muscles, joints, cartilage, tendons, and ligaments. It provides structure, support, movement, and protects vital organs.

Living tissue with a blood supply that provides structure and support. It's constantly being remodeled and can repair itself.

Amphibians change their respiration methods. Tadpoles breathe through gills, while adults use lungs and skin to breathe.

Essential nutrients needed in large quantities by plants for growth and development. Examples include Nitrogen, Potassium, Phosphorus, and Sulfur.

Essential nutrients needed in small quantities by plants. They play crucial roles in plant processes, even though they aren't needed in large amounts.