Living in the Information Technology Era - Week 2

Introduction to Computing

• A computer is an electronic device that follows stored instructions to operate.
• Data refers to raw, unprocessed facts; when processed, it transforms into information.
• Example: Data like "Jacobs 35000 7/18/86" becomes the information "Mr. Jacobs is a salesperson with an annual salary of $35,000, hired on July 18, 1986."

Information Processing Cycle

• The cycle consists of collecting data, processing it, and producing information.

Components of a Computer

• Hardware includes the electronic, electrical, and mechanical components of a computer.
• Types of hardware include:
  • Input Devices: Allow data entry into the computer.
  • Output Devices: Convert computer data into user-friendly information.
  • System Unit: Houses the computer's processing components.
  • Storage Devices: Retain data and instructions, even when powered off.
  • Communication Devices: Facilitate data exchange between computers.

Computer Software

• Software, or programs, directs a computer in task execution.
• Types include:
  • System Software: Interfaces between application software and hardware. Includes operating systems like Windows and Mac OS, and utility software such as antivirus programs.
  • Application Software: User-focused applications, designed for everyday tasks.

Categories of Computers

• Personal Computers: General-use computers for individuals.
• Mobile Computers: Laptops and tablets.
• Game Consoles: Devices specifically for gaming.
• Servers: Handle network resources.
• Supercomputers: Extremely powerful for complex computations.
• Embedded Computers: Integrated into other devices with specific functions.

Traditional Media

• Encompasses non-digital forms of mass communication, including television, radio, books, magazines, and newspapers.
• Historically relied upon for advertising and news dissemination, despite challenges in audience reach and information accessibility.

Types of Traditional Media

• Television: Broadcast content.
• Radio: Audio programming.
• Print Advertising: Newspapers and magazines.
• Direct Mail: Physical advertisements sent to consumers.
• Billboards and Off-Site Signs: Visual advertisements placed in public areas.

New Media

• Refers to digitally delivered content, such as websites, blogs, emails, and social media platforms.
• Facilitates communication and interaction through digital methods.

Types of New Media

• Websites and blogs for information sharing.
• Emails for direct communication.
• Social media platforms like Facebook and Twitter.
• Streaming services for music and television.
• Virtual and augmented reality experiences.

Advantages and Disadvantages

• Traditional Media Advantages: Trusted resource, accessible without internet.
• Traditional Media Disadvantages: Limited audience reach, slower news updates.
• New Media Advantages: Broader sources, effective for busy lifestyles.
• New Media Disadvantages: Less real-world interaction, potential for misinformation.

Utopian and Dystopian Visions of the Internet

• Utopia signifies an ideal society where technology benefits all.
• Techno-utopianism promotes the belief that advancements lead to societal betterment.
• Varieties of utopian views can be ecological, economical, political, religious, or based on science.

Dystopian Visions of the Internet

• Dystopia portrays a society characterized by deprivation, oppression, and fear.
• Dystopian narratives often emphasize societal control through technology.
• Various themes include loss of individuality, oppressive governance, and economic corruption.

Dystopian Characteristics

• Societal values reduced to numbers; clones lose individuality.
• Urban settings with isolation from nature.
• Politics marked by negative governance conditions.
• Economic systems featuring black markets and corruption from major businesses.