43 Liver Tumors Overview
122 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a benign liver tumor?

  • Haemangiosarcoma
  • Hepatocellular carcinoma
  • Haemangioma (correct)
  • Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
  • Which type of liver tumor is most commonly found in Europe and North America?

  • Liver cell adenoma
  • Hepatocellular carcinoma
  • Liver metastases (correct)
  • Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
  • What is the most frequent presentation of pancreatic cancer?

  • Jaundice
  • Steatorrhea
  • Abdominal pain (correct)
  • Weight gain
  • Which condition is specifically defined as acute cholecystitis?

    <p>Inflammation of the gallbladder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one possible cause of extra hepatic bile duct obstruction?

    <p>Gallstones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a primary liver malignancy?

    <p>Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is known to increase the risk of developing hepatic adenoma?

    <p>Anabolic steroids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of lesion can mimic neoplasms in the liver?

    <p>Cysts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary dysfunction in chronic pancreatitis?

    <p>Exocrine function is primarily impaired</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common symptom of chronic pancreatitis?

    <p>Weight gain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes a pancreatic pseudocyst from a true cyst?

    <p>Defined wall but no epithelial lining</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common cause of chronic pancreatitis?

    <p>Alcohol consumption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis typically approached?

    <p>Diagnosis of exclusion with imaging in advanced disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of immunohistochemistry in the evaluation of liver metastasis?

    <p>Identifying the primary site of origin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which marker is specifically associated with melanoma in liver metastases?

    <p>S100</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which countries report a higher prevalence of hepatocellular carcinoma?

    <p>East and Southeast Asia, Africa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common presenting symptom of hepatocellular carcinoma in low incidence areas?

    <p>Vague or changing symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which imaging technique is NOT typically used for diagnosing hepatocellular carcinoma?

    <p>X-ray imaging</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor is NOT considered in the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma?

    <p>Type of treatment received</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In patients with chronic liver disease, which preventative measure is recommended for hepatocellular carcinoma?

    <p>HBV vaccination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic is associated with the appearance of metastases to the liver?

    <p>Multiple pale deposits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cancer is cholangiocarcinoma?

    <p>Adenocarcinoma arising from bile duct epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the common locations for pancreatic carcinoma?

    <p>Commonly arises from the head of the pancreas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are typical symptoms of advanced pancreatic carcinoma?

    <p>Painless obstructive jaundice and weight loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a known risk factor for pancreatic carcinoma?

    <p>Chronic pancreatitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method used for diagnosing pancreatic carcinoma?

    <p>Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA) cytology via Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines the histological appearance of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)?

    <p>Pleomorphic tumor cells resembling hepatocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the commonest site for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma?

    <p>Hilum of the liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of pancreatic tumors is primarily associated with hormone production?

    <p>Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of primary liver malignancies are represented by intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma?

    <p>10%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What clinical sign is associated with migratory thrombophlebitis in pancreatic carcinoma?

    <p>Trousseau's sign</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a cause of extrahepatic bile duct obstruction?

    <p>Alzheimer's disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for urgent decompression in ascending cholangitis?

    <p>To manage bile infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about pancreatic inflammation is accurate?

    <p>Systemic inflammatory response syndrome may occur if pancreatitis is severe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What constitutes Charcot's triad in cholangitis?

    <p>High fever, jaundice, pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition may lead to necrotizing inflammation of pancreas?

    <p>Severe acute pancreatitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the preferred first-line diagnostic test for acute pancreatitis?

    <p>Blood amylase test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the case of a hepatic abscess, what is the most common associated cause?

    <p>Biliary tract disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a symptom of acute pancreatitis?

    <p>Increased blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which complication can arise from severe acute pancreatitis?

    <p>Pseudocyst formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the medical term for the obstructed bile leading to an infection?

    <p>Cholangitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of liver tumor is classified as malignant and is also commonly known as HCC?

    <p>Hepatocellular carcinoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma?

    <p>Intrahepatic bile duct adenocarcinoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is primarily characterized by the presence of gallstones?

    <p>Acute cholecystitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which imaging modalities can be utilized to differentiate non-neoplastic lesions from neoplasms in the liver?

    <p>Ultrasound, CT, and MRI</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common primary source of liver metastases in regions like Europe and North America?

    <p>Gastrointestinal carcinoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristics differentiate benign tumors from malignant tumors in the liver?

    <p>Growth pattern and cellular morphology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant risk factor that can lead to the development of hepatic adenoma?

    <p>Use of anabolic steroids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of malignancy is characterized by its rare occurrence and is classified as haemangiosarcoma?

    <p>Primary sarcoma of the liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a notable complication that can arise from pancreatic pseudocysts?

    <p>Infection and erosion leading to vessel damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is most commonly associated with chronic pancreatitis?

    <p>Dull epigastric pain radiating to the back</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason why amylase is not considered useful in diagnosing chronic pancreatitis?

    <p>Amylase levels may normalize after an acute episode</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors is least likely to initiate chronic pancreatitis?

    <p>Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In cases of chronic pancreatitis, what is the typical intervention for managing pancreatic function?

    <p>Pancreatic enzyme supplementation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in high incidence areas?

    <p>HCC commonly co-presents with cirrhosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following immunohistochemistry markers is used to indicate lung origin in liver metastases?

    <p>TTF1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary treatment option for early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma?

    <p>Surgical resection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic best describes the gross appearance of liver metastases?

    <p>Multiple pale deposits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what scenario is biopsy rarely necessary for diagnosing hepatocellular carcinoma?

    <p>When alpha-fetoprotein levels are high</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common associated condition with hepatocellular carcinoma in high-risk populations?

    <p>Chronic hepatitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical prognosis for hepatocellular carcinoma?

    <p>Generally poor with a few exceptions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) play in relation to hepatocellular carcinoma?

    <p>It serves as a tumor marker but is not specific or sensitive alone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common location for cholangiocarcinoma?

    <p>Proximal bile duct at the hilum of the liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is commonly associated with advanced pancreatic carcinoma?

    <p>Painless obstructive jaundice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of pancreatic cancer is comprised of ductal adenocarcinoma?

    <p>Over 95%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which risk factor is acknowledged as a weak contributor to pancreatic carcinoma development?

    <p>Chronic pancreatitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which clinical sign is classically associated with pancreatic carcinoma and correlates with migratory thrombophlebitis?

    <p>Trousseau’s sign</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary behavior of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors?

    <p>Behaviors are unpredictable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement regarding the diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma is true?

    <p>Diagnosis is often difficult and occurs late in the disease course.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of pancreatic carcinoma, CA 19-9 is primarily used for what purpose?

    <p>Monitoring treatment response and relapse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the histological appearance characteristic of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)?

    <p>Pleomorphic tumor cells resembling hepatocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The majority of pancreatic adenocarcinomas arise from which part of the pancreas?

    <p>Head</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is most likely to be associated with the development of severe acute pancreatitis?

    <p>Alcohol consumption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which complication is least likely to occur in a patient with severe acute pancreatitis?

    <p>Increased appetite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of Charcot's triad in the context of ascending cholangitis?

    <p>It reflects infection in the bile due to obstruction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the management of acute pancreatitis, what role does an elevated lipase level play?

    <p>Helps confirm the diagnosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which imaging technique is first-line for evaluating extrahepatic bile duct obstruction?

    <p>Ultrasound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common cause of biliary tract infection that could lead to a hepatic abscess?

    <p>Ascending cholangitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is NOT considered in the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis?

    <p>Sepsis from respiratory infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Reynolds' pentad include in its assessment of ascending cholangitis?

    <p>Hypotension and fever</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In severe acute pancreatitis, which outcome is most frequently observed within the first week?

    <p>Acute renal failure occurs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical treatment approach for large stones causing extrahepatic bile duct obstruction?

    <p>Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) with sphincterotomy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma?

    <p>It serves as a tumor marker, helping to monitor disease progression.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which immunohistochemical marker is associated with large intestine metastases?

    <p>CK20</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In high incidence areas, which condition is likely to co-present with hepatocellular carcinoma?

    <p>Cirrhosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma?

    <p>Stage of cancer and liver function impairment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which imaging technique is specifically highlighted for the assessment of nodules in cirrhosis in cases of suspected hepatocellular carcinoma?

    <p>Ultrasound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary functional impairment in chronic pancreatitis?

    <p>Exocrine function impairment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common characteristic of metastases to the liver as opposed to cirrhosis?

    <p>Multiple pale deposits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment option is preferred for early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma?

    <p>Resection or orthotopic liver transplantation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is commonly associated with chronic pancreatitis and results from malabsorption?

    <p>Steatorrhea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What underlying condition is strongly associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma?

    <p>Chronic hepatitis B infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which complication is associated with pancreatic pseudocysts?

    <p>Erosion with vessel damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most challenging aspect of diagnosing chronic pancreatitis?

    <p>Lack of specific laboratory tests</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which demographic factor is most commonly linked to the development of chronic pancreatitis?

    <p>Alcohol consumption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following liver tumors is categorized as a malignant primary neoplasm?

    <p>Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most significant risk factor associated with the development of hepatic adenoma?

    <p>Use of anabolic steroids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of secondary tumors are most commonly found in the liver?

    <p>Carcinoma from the GI tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following presentations is typical for acute pancreatitis?

    <p>Severe epigastric pain radiating to the back</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of liver lesion is known to mimic neoplasms but is classified as non-neoplastic?

    <p>Haemangioma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which anatomical site is commonly associated with the presentation of cholangiocarcinoma?

    <p>Intrahepatic bile ducts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Among the options provided, which condition defines acute cholecystitis?

    <p>Infection of the gallbladder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary treatment approach for pancreatic cancer, aside from surgical intervention?

    <p>Chemotherapy and radiation therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of ERCP in the context of extrahepatic bile duct obstruction?

    <p>To perform stone removal or sphincterotomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement most accurately reflects the clinical presentation of ascending cholangitis?

    <p>Charcot's triad includes fever, jaundice, and abdominal pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In cases of severe acute pancreatitis, which complication is most directly associated with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS)?

    <p>Acute renal failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of hepatic abscess related to biliary tract disease?

    <p>Ascending infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes mild acute pancreatitis from severe acute pancreatitis based on imaging characteristics?

    <p>Severe pancreatitis presents as interstitial oedematous imaging without necrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a factor contributing to the severity of acute pancreatitis?

    <p>Chronic alcohol use</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the presence of Reynolds' pentad indicate in a clinical scenario?

    <p>Advanced ascending cholangitis with sepsis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is recognized as a key factor in triggering the onset of acute pancreatitis?

    <p>Reflux of bile due to CBD obstruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical initial test used for diagnosing acute pancreatitis?

    <p>Blood amylase and lipase tests</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical outcome for patients diagnosed with cholangiocarcinoma?

    <p>Diagnosis is often late leading to poor prognosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of pancreatic tumor is characterized by a high likelihood of symptom-causing hormone production?

    <p>Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What represents a significant risk factor associated with the development of pancreatic carcinoma?

    <p>Chronic pancreatitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary histological feature of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)?

    <p>Pleomorphic tumor cells resembling hepatocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In patients with pancreatic carcinoma, which symptom is most commonly associated with tumors located in the head of the pancreas?

    <p>Painless obstructive jaundice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which anatomical location is most commonly affected by intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma?

    <p>Hilum of the liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the CA 19-9 serum marker in pancreatic carcinoma management?

    <p>It helps assess treatment response and relapse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common complication of chronic pancreatitis that affects diagnosis?

    <p>Formation of pancreatic pseudocysts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor most strongly correlates with the prognosis of patients with pancreatic carcinoma?

    <p>Tumor size at diagnosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic histological finding of cholangiocarcinoma?

    <p>Presence of glandular structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Learning Outcomes

    • Classification of liver tumors based on frequency.
    • Understanding of Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) specifics.
    • Definition and characteristics of cholangiocarcinoma.
    • Presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of pancreatic cancer.
    • Significance and commonality of gallstones.
    • Definition and importance of acute cholecystitis.
    • Identification of causes and consequences of extrahepatic bile duct obstruction.
    • Overview of acute and chronic pancreatitis manifestations and etiology.

    Liver Tumors Overview

    • Liver lesions categorized as non-neoplastic (cysts, hemangiomas) or neoplastic (benign and malignant).
    • Distinction between primary tumors (originating in the liver) and secondary tumors (metastases from other organs).
    • Types of primary liver neoplasms include adenomas, HCC, and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.

    Primary Liver Tumors

    • Benign:

      • Hepatic adenoma linked to anabolic steroids and oral contraceptive pills.
      • Bile duct adenoma (rare).
      • Hemangioma (vascular malformation).
    • Malignant:

      • Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) as the most common primary liver cancer.
      • Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, a type of bile duct cancer.
      • Haemangiosarcoma is rare.

    Secondary Liver Tumors

    • Most common liver tumors in Europe and North America are metastases.
    • Primary sources include gastrointestinal tract, lung, and breast cancers.
    • Secondary tumors may cause bile flow obstruction, leading to jaundice and increased bilirubin levels.
    • Metastatic liver cancer generally has a poor prognosis; isolated colorectal metastases may be surgically resected.

    Immunohistochemistry in Liver Tumors

    • Specific markers assist in determining tumor origin:
      • CK20, CDX2 indicates large intestine origin.
      • TTF1 indicates lung cancer.
      • S100, Melan A, HMB, SOX10 indicates melanoma.

    Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC)

    • Geographic prevalence varies; common in East/Southeast Asia and Africa.
    • Strong association with cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis, especially hepatitis B and C.
    • Diagnosis relies on imaging (US, CT, MRI) and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) as a tumor marker.
    • Early stage treatment options include surgical resection or liver transplantation; prognosis influenced by tumor stage and liver function.

    Cholangiocarcinoma

    • Arises from bile duct epithelium, often presenting late with poor outcomes.
    • Common at the liver hilum (Klatskin tumor).
    • Surgical resection may be pursued in select cases; often managed palliatively with stenting.

    Pancreatic Tumors Overview

    • Composed mainly of exocrine components (98%) producing digestive enzymes and endocrine islets (hormones).
    • Common malignant form is pancreatic (ductal) adenocarcinoma, ranking as a leading cause of cancer deaths.

    Pancreatic Carcinoma Characteristics

    • Typically asymptomatic until advanced stages, often presenting with vague abdominal pain and weight loss.
    • Definitive diagnosis involves imaging (US, CT) and serum marker CA 19-9.
    • Prognosis is notably poor with low survival rates, presenting late and with vague symptoms.

    Bile Duct Obstruction Causes

    • Main causes include gallstones and tumors (pancreatic adenocarcinoma or bile duct adenocarcinoma).
    • Benign strictures or external compressions can also lead to obstruction.
    • Diagnosis often involves imaging like MRCP, and treatment includes ERCP or surgery for decompression.

    Acute Cholecystitis

    • Caused by gallstones leading to obstruction of the cystic duct, resulting in inflammation of the gallbladder.
    • Characterized by sudden abdominal pain, often requiring surgical intervention.

    Acute Pancreatitis

    • Acute inflammation leads to pancreatic enzyme activation, causing auto-digestion and potential systemic effects.
    • Common causes include gallstones and alcohol use.
    • Severity ranges from mild (interstitial edema) to severe (necrotizing pancreatitis), with significant systemic complications.

    Symptoms and Diagnosis of Pancreatitis

    • Patients often present with severe epigastric pain radiating to the back, nausea, and potential complications include SIRS and shock.
    • Diagnosis involves elevated amylase/lipase levels; imaging may confirm the clinical diagnosis.

    Chronic Pancreatitis

    • Characterized by irreversible fibrosis and impaired pancreatic function, typically caused by alcohol abuse or genetic predisposition.
    • Symptoms include chronic abdominal pain, malabsorption, and secondary diabetes mellitus.
    • Diagnosis can be challenging and typically involves advanced imaging studies.

    Pancreatic Pseudocyst

    • Fluid collections associated with pancreatitis, recognized by defined walls but lacking an epithelial lining.
    • Can cause complications such as infection or hemorrhage, often requiring drainage procedures.

    Malignancies of Liver, Pancreas, and Gallbladder

    • Course focused on pathology of liver, pancreas, and gallbladder tumors, gallstones, and pancreatitis.
    • Learning outcomes include classification and understanding of liver tumors, diagnosis and treatment for pancreatic cancer, and understanding gallstones and acute cholecystitis.

    Liver Tumors

    • Classification of liver tumors: Non-neoplastic vs. neoplastic; benign vs. malignant; primary vs. secondary.
    • Common primary liver tumors include:
      • Benign: Hepatic adenoma, bile duct adenoma, hemangioma.
      • Malignant: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, hemangiosarcoma.

    Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC)

    • Relatively uncommon in Europe/North America, more common in East/Southeast Asia and Africa.
    • Often associated with cirrhosis or chronic hepatitis (>90% of cases).
    • Diagnosis involves imaging (US, contrast-enhanced CT, MRI) and may use alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) as a tumor marker.
    • Treatment options include resection, orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT), local ablative therapies.

    Cholangiocarcinoma

    • Adenocarcinoma arising from bile duct epithelium, can occur intrahepatically or extrahepatically.
    • Commonly found at the hilum of the liver (Klatskin tumor).
    • Diagnosis challenging and often late with poor outcomes; surgical resection for select cases.

    Pancreatic Tumors

    • Pancreas composed of exocrine (98% - produces digestive enzymes) and endocrine (islets of Langerhans - hormones) components.
    • Common malignant tumor: pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, ranked 5th/6th in cancer deaths.
    • Symptoms often vague until advanced disease; typical symptoms include weight loss, abdominal pain, and jaundice.
    • Diagnosis using CA 19-9 serum marker and imaging methods.

    Gallstones and Extrahepatic Bile Duct Obstruction

    • Common causes of extrahepatic bile duct obstruction include gallstones in the common bile duct, tumors, and benign strictures.
    • Courvoisier's law relates to gallbladder distension in bile duct obstruction.
    • Ascending cholangitis presents with Charcot’s triad (fever, right upper quadrant pain, jaundice).

    Acute and Chronic Pancreatitis

    • Acute pancreatitis: Inflammation with potential systemic complications, mortality around 5% (higher in severe cases).
    • Key risk factors include gallstones (50% of cases) and alcohol use; symptoms include epigastric pain radiating to back.
    • Chronic pancreatitis results in irreversible fibrosis affecting pancreatic function, commonly due to alcohol and idiopathic causes.
    • Treatment for chronic pancreatitis focuses on pain management and enzyme supplementation.

    Pancreatic Pseudocyst

    • Pancreatic pseudocyst defined as a collection of pancreatic fluid without an epithelial lining, potentially resulting from acute or chronic pancreatitis.
    • Complications include infection and erosion into adjacent structures; treatment may involve aspiration or surgical drainage.

    Malignancies of Liver, Pancreas, and Gallbladder

    • Course focused on pathology of liver, pancreas, and gallbladder tumors, gallstones, and pancreatitis.
    • Learning outcomes include classification and understanding of liver tumors, diagnosis and treatment for pancreatic cancer, and understanding gallstones and acute cholecystitis.

    Liver Tumors

    • Classification of liver tumors: Non-neoplastic vs. neoplastic; benign vs. malignant; primary vs. secondary.
    • Common primary liver tumors include:
      • Benign: Hepatic adenoma, bile duct adenoma, hemangioma.
      • Malignant: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, hemangiosarcoma.

    Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC)

    • Relatively uncommon in Europe/North America, more common in East/Southeast Asia and Africa.
    • Often associated with cirrhosis or chronic hepatitis (>90% of cases).
    • Diagnosis involves imaging (US, contrast-enhanced CT, MRI) and may use alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) as a tumor marker.
    • Treatment options include resection, orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT), local ablative therapies.

    Cholangiocarcinoma

    • Adenocarcinoma arising from bile duct epithelium, can occur intrahepatically or extrahepatically.
    • Commonly found at the hilum of the liver (Klatskin tumor).
    • Diagnosis challenging and often late with poor outcomes; surgical resection for select cases.

    Pancreatic Tumors

    • Pancreas composed of exocrine (98% - produces digestive enzymes) and endocrine (islets of Langerhans - hormones) components.
    • Common malignant tumor: pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, ranked 5th/6th in cancer deaths.
    • Symptoms often vague until advanced disease; typical symptoms include weight loss, abdominal pain, and jaundice.
    • Diagnosis using CA 19-9 serum marker and imaging methods.

    Gallstones and Extrahepatic Bile Duct Obstruction

    • Common causes of extrahepatic bile duct obstruction include gallstones in the common bile duct, tumors, and benign strictures.
    • Courvoisier's law relates to gallbladder distension in bile duct obstruction.
    • Ascending cholangitis presents with Charcot’s triad (fever, right upper quadrant pain, jaundice).

    Acute and Chronic Pancreatitis

    • Acute pancreatitis: Inflammation with potential systemic complications, mortality around 5% (higher in severe cases).
    • Key risk factors include gallstones (50% of cases) and alcohol use; symptoms include epigastric pain radiating to back.
    • Chronic pancreatitis results in irreversible fibrosis affecting pancreatic function, commonly due to alcohol and idiopathic causes.
    • Treatment for chronic pancreatitis focuses on pain management and enzyme supplementation.

    Pancreatic Pseudocyst

    • Pancreatic pseudocyst defined as a collection of pancreatic fluid without an epithelial lining, potentially resulting from acute or chronic pancreatitis.
    • Complications include infection and erosion into adjacent structures; treatment may involve aspiration or surgical drainage.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Description

    Explore critical concepts related to liver tumors, focusing on classification, diagnosis, and treatment of various liver conditions. Understand the significance of hepatocellular carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma, and the implications of gallstones, as well as pancreatitis types and their etiology.

    More Like This

    Liver Tumors
    5 questions

    Liver Tumors

    IdealLapisLazuli avatar
    IdealLapisLazuli
    Tumores malignos en el hígado
    12 questions

    Tumores malignos en el hígado

    InfluentialSousaphone avatar
    InfluentialSousaphone
    Liver Tumors and Anatomy Quiz
    13 questions
    Hepatocellular Carcinoma Overview
    30 questions
    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Browser