Liver Structure and Function Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a function of the liver related to hormone breakdown?

  • Producing bile for digestion
  • Storage of glucose
  • Break down of hormones (correct)
  • Activation of vitamin C

    • What is the role of the liver in the production of clotting factors?

  • Invoking inflammatory responses
  • Eliminating excess calcium
  • Producing prothrombin and fibrinogen (correct)
  • Absorbing vitamin E

    • How does the liver contribute to maintaining water balance in the body?

  • By detoxifying urea
  • By secreting bicarbonate
  • By producing albumin (correct)
  • By producing lipoproteins

    • Which statement best describes the exocrine function of the liver?

    <p>Producing and secreting bile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is bilirubin's role in the function of the liver?

    <p>It is a product of hemoglobin breakdown</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of hematologic diseases on bilirubin levels?

    <p>Elevated indirect bilirubin levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of the liver's functions?

    <p>Nutrient storage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which situation might the liver be unable to detoxify bilirubin effectively?

    <p>Liver damage due to toxins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the liver in glucose metabolism?

    <p>It converts glucose into glycogen for storage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition may result from a significant rise in ammonium levels in the body?

    <p>Brain dysfunction including confusion and coma.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Kupffer cells in the liver?

    <p>They are involved in phagocytosis and removal of old RBCs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does an increase in aspartate aminotransferase (AST) indicate?

    <p>Presence of hepatocellular and obstructive disease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the liver play in detoxification?

    <p>It modifies and excretes drugs and poisons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process does the liver NOT perform?

    <p>Synthesizes all protein necessary for cell function.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is NOT typically included in liver function tests?

    <p>Triglycerides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During fasting, how does the liver help maintain glucose levels in the body?

    <p>By breaking down glycogen and releasing glucose into the bloodstream.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which serum marker is considered a very specific indicator of hepatocellular disease?

    <p>Alanine aminotransferase (ALT)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions may cause a rise in serum bilirubin levels?

    <p>Excessive destruction of red blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Increased alkaline phosphatase levels may indicate which of the following?

    <p>Intra or extrahepatic obstruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of an increase in prothrombin time?

    <p>Increased cellular damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions is associated with an increase in bilirubin direct levels?

    <p>Hepatocellular disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of the liver?

    <p>Production of glucagon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which serum marker increases with hemolytic disease?

    <p>Bilirubin indirect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indicated by elevated levels of gamma globulins in chronic liver diseases?

    <p>Increased immune response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Liver Structure and Function

    • The liver is a vital organ responsible for numerous complex functions.
    • Diagrams show the flow of blood through the liver, including the hepatic artery, hepatic portal vein, hepatic veins, and the inferior vena cava.
    • The liver receives nutrient-rich, oxygen-poor blood from the hepatic portal vein.
    • The liver receives oxygen-rich blood from the hepatic artery.
    • The liver processes blood and excretes wastes via bile.

    Liver Lobules

    • The liver is composed of functional units called lobules.
    • Each lobule contains hepatocytes, the primary functional cells of the liver.
    • Diagram shows the arrangement of hepatocytes, central vein, portal vein and bile duct within a lobule.
    • Hepatocytes perform a variety of metabolic processes.
    • Diagram features hepatic venules, hepatic artery and bile ducts.
    • The portal triad consists of a branch of the hepatic artery, portal vein, and bile duct.

    Liver Function Tests

    • Liver function tests are used to assess the health of the liver.
    • Common tests include aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin (direct and indirect), prothrombin time, and albumin/globulins.
    • Elevated levels of certain enzymes can indicate liver damage or dysfunction.
    • Bilirubin, both direct and indirect, is a significant indicator of liver function, reflecting the breakdown of hemoglobin and excretion processes.
    • Prothrombin time is related to blood clotting and can indicate liver damage.
    • Albumin/globulins levels can reflect the liver's protein production capacity.

    Liver Functions and Diseases

    • The liver performs several crucial functions, including detoxification of harmful substances (drugs, poisons), metabolism of nutrients and blood, and production of proteins crucial for blood clotting.
    • The liver produces certain types of proteins that are vital for blood function.
    • The liver synthesizes bile, which is critical for fat digestion.
    • The liver converts excess glucose to glycogen and plays a major role in maintaining blood glucose levels.
    • The liver regulates blood clotting factors.
    • The liver plays a crucial role in hormone metabolism.
    • The liver removes waste products from the blood.
    • Liver diseases can result from various causes, leading to various symptoms such as jaundice.
    • Some diseases affect the ability of the liver to function, impacting the body.

    Liver Function and its Tests-Specific Details

    • AST: Elevated in hepatocellular and obstructive liver diseases, due to cellular damage
    • ALT: More specific than AST for evaluating liver function, mostly elevated in cases of hepatocellular diseases such as hepatitis.
    • Bilirubin (direct and indirect): Elevated in disorders related to red blood cell breakdown (hemolytic anemia). Direct bilirubin elevation signifies blockage in bile ducts or liver malfunction. Indirect bilirubin signifies red cell damage.
    • Alkaline phosphatase: Elevated in cases of intra or extra-hepatic obstructive disorders.
    • Prothrombin time: Elevated levels indicate liver damage, impeding the production of clotting factors.
    • Albumin/Globulins: Low albumin levels in chronic liver diseases indicate the liver's reduced ability to produce proteins.

    Additional Liver Functions

    • The liver plays an essential role in removing toxins and waste from the blood.
    • The liver produces essential proteins for various bodily functions.
    • The liver stores certain vitamins and minerals.
    • Alpha Feto Protein (AFP) is a fetal antigen produced by the adult liver in certain conditions like cancer.
    • The liver has a role in the production of urea, which is crucial for ammonia detoxification.

    Exclusion of Liver Function

    • Production of glucagon is not a liver function.

    True/False Statements

    • Alkaline phosphatase is a good indicator of intra or extrahepatic obstruction (True).

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    Liver Physiology - Day 2

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the anatomy and functions of the liver. This quiz covers liver lobules, blood flow, and metabolic processes, along with liver function tests. Evaluate your understanding of this critical organ's structure and roles in the body.

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