Liver Functions and Metabolism Quiz

<p>Storage of bile (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bilirubin is a result of red blood cell breakdown. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hormones that influence growth (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Clotting factors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Eliminates toxins from the bloodstream (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hepatocytes package triglycerides into very low density lipoproteins (VLDLs). (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ketones provide an alternative energy source during fasting. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gluconeogenesis from fatty acids. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Amino acids from skeletal muscle proteolysis. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Scavenge cholesterol from blood and tissues. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Non-essential amino acids. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hepatocytes store the highest concentrations of glycogen among all cell types. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They distribute fatty acids to various body tissues. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A mixture of polar and nonpolar components (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Conversion to biliverdin first (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Make the drug more hydrophilic (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bile salts emulsify fats to increase surface area (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Drugs typically become more hydrophilic and less active (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glucuronate, acetate, and glutathione (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bound to albumin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Storing and releasing glucose in the form of glycogen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glucokinase allows the liver to efficiently store glucose as glycogen after a meal. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Albumin is the most abundant plasma protein and plays a major role in osmolality and transportation of hydrophobic molecules. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A deficiency in vitamin K (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The liver removes amine groups from amino acids during gluconeogenesis, which are then converted into urea. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gamma globulins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The liver primarily synthesizes and stores lipids in the form of triglycerides, but this is more commonly associated with a disease state. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Liver dysfunction reduces the production of albumin, leading to decreased plasma osmolality and an increased tendency toward edema formation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased cytochrome P-450 activity, resulting in faster drug inactivation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Drugs are absorbed in the small intestine and immediately enter the hepatic portal system, exposing them to liver enzymes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vitamin B12 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Apoferritin binds to iron, forming ferritin, which is a stable storage form of iron in the liver. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Somatomedins are a group of polypeptide hormones that mediate the effects of HGH on various tissues. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Kupffer cells remove and phagocytize bacteria from the blood, preventing sepsis. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased cytochrome P-450 activity can reduce the effectiveness of a drug, potentially requiring higher dosages. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The liver stores iron in the form of ferritin, a protein complex composed of iron and apoferritin. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hepatocytes contain the highest glycogen concentrations in the body.

Lipoproteins made by hepatocytes to distribute triglycerides in the blood.

Lipoproteins that scavenge cholesterol and provide apoproteins for VLDLs.

Water-soluble molecules produced from fatty acids by hepatocytes.

The process of making glucose from non-carbohydrate sources like amino acids.

Amino acids synthesized by hepatocytes, not required in diet.

The breakdown of fatty acids to produce energy and ketones.

The breakdown of muscle proteins for amino acids during energy deficits.

The liver supports various vital functions needed for health, including nutrient regulation.

The breakdown of glycogen into glucose to maintain blood sugar levels.

Very Low-Density Lipoproteins that transport fatty acids from the liver to tissues.

The liver synthesizes bile which aids in the digestion and absorption of fats.

The liver detoxifies drugs, hormones, and toxins for safe elimination from the body.

The liver stores vitamins A, D, and B12, playing a role in their processing.

The liver processes and excretes bilirubin, a waste product from red blood cell breakdown.

The primary nitrogenous waste product formed from the deamination of amino acids in the liver.

A stored form of glucose synthesized by the liver for energy during fasting.

An enzyme in hepatocytes that helps convert glucose into glycogen.

Proteins synthesized by the liver that regulate blood coagulation.

The most abundant plasma protein that transports hydrophobic substances.

Impaired liver function impacting the synthesis of plasma proteins and metabolites.

Lipids stored in the liver that are a form of fat tissue, often increased in excess caloric intake.

Bile salts are compounds that help emulsify dietary fats in the digestive tract.

Micelles are structures formed by bile salts that encapsulate dietary fats for digestion.

Bilirubin is the waste product of heme breakdown, processed by the liver.

Phase I reactions modify drugs to make them more polar through oxidation, occurring in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum.

Cytochrome P-450 is a family of enzymes responsible for drug oxidation in Phase I reactions.

Phase II reactions further modify drug metabolites for excretion by conjugation with hydrophilic compounds.

A process where drugs or metabolites are conjugated with glucuronate in Phase II reactions, increasing solubility.

Drug metabolism in the liver transforms substances to enhance solubility and reduce activity for excretion.

The initial inactivation of drugs in the liver after absorption in the intestines.

A protein that stores iron in the liver, bound to apoferritin.

Polypeptide hormones that mediate effects of Human Growth Hormone in tissues.

Phagocytic macrophages in the liver that cleanse bacteria from blood.

The liver serves as a reservoir for iron, important for red blood cell synthesis.