Liver Functions and Metabolism

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What is a major complaint in cirrhosis related to food?

Difficulty in coping with carbohydrates
Difficulty in coping with fatty foods (correct)
Difficulty in coping with proteins
Difficulty in coping with fiber

What percentage of patients with cirrhosis survive for 5 years from diagnosis?

10%
50%
25% (correct)
75%

How does ethanol exert its deleterious effects on the liver?

Only through metabolism of ethanol
Only through direct effect on cell structure
Through both metabolism and direct effect on cell structure (correct)
Through indirect effect on other organs

What is the primary site of metabolism for ethanol?

Liver (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the enzyme that converts ethanol to acetaldehyde in the liver?

Alcohol dehydrogenase (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of disruption of the biliary architecture in cirrhosis?

Pruritis due to bile acid accumulation (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main site of bilirubin conjugation?

Liver (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the enzyme that converts biliverdin to bilirubin?

Biliverdin reductase (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the yellowish coloration of the tissues due to retention of pigments?

Jaundice (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the syndrome caused by mutations to the UGT1A1 gene?

Gilbert's syndrome (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of liver function tests?

To detect, evaluate, and monitor liver disease or damage (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of daily bilirubin output derived from the breakdown of erythrocytes?

80% (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the protein that binds to bilirubin in the blood?

Albumin (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the most likely reason for performing liver function tests in the initial stages of liver disease?

To detect liver disease early (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of bilirubin excretion into the bile?

Bile acid synthesis (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a category of liver function tests?

Glucose- pancreatic function (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of GGT in liver function tests?

It indicates enzyme induction or hepatocellular damage (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the enzyme that converts the porphyrin ring to biliverdin?

Haem oxygenase (B) Signup and view all the answers

Why are liver function tests suggested for individuals taking medication?

Because medication may cause liver damage (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the enterohepatic circulation of bilirubin?

Bilirubin recycling (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the test used to measure bilirubin levels in the blood?

Diazo test (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the trend of total bilirubin in pregnancy?

Remains normal (C) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the level of albumin during pregnancy?

Decreases (A) Signup and view all the answers

Why does ALP (Alkaline Phosphatase) increase during pregnancy?

Due to release of ALP by the placenta (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the trend of gamma globulins during pregnancy?

Decreases (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of liver function tests?

To diagnose liver disease at an early stage (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of aminotransferases in liver function tests?

Indicate cellular integrity (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is acute hepatitis associated with?

Hepatocyte damage (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following toxins can cause hepatocellular damage?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of alcoholic hepatitis?

↑MCV, hypertriglyceridaemia, hyperuricaemia, ↑GGT (C) Signup and view all the answers