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Questions and Answers
What is the normal ratio of albumin to globulin in plasma?
Which of the following coagulation factors is NOT synthesized by the liver?
What is the primary organ responsible for converting ammonia to urea?
In chronic liver disease, which of the following is typically affected?
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What is the primary reason for increased globulin levels in liver disease?
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What is the primary use of immuno-electrophoresis in liver disease?
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Study Notes
Liver Function and Plasma Proteins
- Total plasma proteins: 6-8 gm%
- Albumin: 4-5 gm%, synthesized entirely in the liver
- Globulins: 2-3 gm%, synthesized in the liver (a, B) and reticuloendothelial system (RES)
Albumin-Globulin Ratio
- Normal A:G ratio: 2:1
- In chronic liver disease: A:G ratio may be reversed
Liver Function and Coagulation
- Liver synthesizes all coagulation factors except factor VIII
Amino Acid Metabolism
- Amino acids are degraded by transamination and oxidative deamination to produce ammonia
- Ammonia is converted to urea by the liver and excreted by the kidneys
Chronic Liver Disease
- Albumin and total globulins decrease to maintain normal total plasma proteins
- Globulins increase in liver disease due to:
- Antibody response against antigens released from damaged liver cells
- Antigens absorbed from the gut and not cleared by the diseased liver
- Viral antigens
Immuno-Electrophoresis
- Used to identify the type of immunoglobulin (Ig)
- IgG: chronic active hepatitis
- IgA: alcoholic liver disease
- IgM: primary biliary cirrhosis
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Description
This quiz covers liver function tests, plasma proteins, and coagulation factors. It includes the normal values of total proteins, albumin, and globulins, and their sites of synthesis. It also covers the liver's role in coagulation and amino acid degradation.
