Y1S2 011 III Biochem Liver Function Tests: chemical pathology and clinical biochemistry
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Y1S2 011 III Biochem Liver Function Tests: chemical pathology and clinical biochemistry

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary enzyme responsible for the degradation of bilirubin mono and di-glucuronides in the colon?

  • Beta-glucuronidase (correct)
  • Trypsin
  • Lipase
  • Alpha-amylase

    • What is the percentage of urobilinogen that is reabsorbed by the intestines and reaches the liver via the portal blood supply?

  • 20%
  • 50%
  • 10% (correct)
  • 5%

    • Which of the following Organelles is NOT involved in the conjugation of bilirubin in the liver?

  • Cytoplasm
  • Endoplasmic reticulum
  • Mitochondria (correct)
  • Nucleus

    • What is the name of the protein that binds to bilirubin in the liver and helps to facilitate its excretion?

    <p>Ligandin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the final product of the oxidation of urobilinogen in the large intestine?

    <p>Stercobilin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of urobilinogen that is transported to the kidneys and oxidized to urobilin?

    <p>5%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of ligandin in the hepatocyte?

    <p>To carry bilirubin from the cytosol into the smooth endoplasmic reticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between unconjugated and conjugated bilirubin in terms of solubility?

    <p>Unconjugated bilirubin is lipid-soluble, while conjugated bilirubin is water-soluble</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the rate-limiting step in bilirubin metabolism?

    <p>Secretion of conjugated bilirubin into the bile canaliculi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of inorganic anions in the hepatic uptake of unconjugated bilirubin?

    <p>They are required for the facilitated diffusion of unconjugated bilirubin into the hepatocyte</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the enzyme responsible for the conjugation of bilirubin with glucuronic acid?

    <p>Uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what form is bilirubin transported to the liver?

    <p>Unconjugated and bound to albumin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of liver function tests?

    <p>To detect the presence of liver disease and monitor the response to therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following enzymes is NOT a biomarker of liver injury?

    <p>Albumin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of disorders is there a proportionately greater increase in plasma AST activity than ALT?

    <p>Infiltrative disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of liver function tests?

    <p>They are cheap, non-invasive, and widely available</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of AST released into serum in mild hepatocellular injury?

    <p>Cytoplasmic AST</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical relationship between AST and ALT in infiltrative diseases such as colon cancer that spreads to the liver?

    <p>AST &gt; ALT</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a function of the liver?

    <p>Bilirubin production and metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical level of plasma ALP in obstructive cholestasis disease?

    <p>Greater than three times ULN</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of mild hepatocellular injury?

    <p>Nuclear fragmentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the liver's functional reserve?

    <p>It allows the liver to function normally even in the presence of severe disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for mild cholestasis in hepatocellular diseases?

    <p>Obstruction of bile canaliculi by swollen hepatocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of gamma-glutamyl transferase in the liver?

    <p>Transfer of gamma-glutamyl groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a true statement about liver function tests?

    <p>They are used to assess the severity and predict the outcome of liver disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary consequence of Wilson disease on the liver?

    <p>Copper buildup</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a non-pathological cause of elevated alkaline phosphatase levels?

    <p>Age greater than 60 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical sample used for liver function tests?

    <p>Blood sample</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal reference interval for gamma-glutamyl transferase in serum?

    <p>10-70 U/L</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is gamma-glutamyl transferase a more sensitive marker for cholestatic damage than alkaline phosphatase?

    <p>It is more specific to the liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

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