30 Questions
What percentage of cells in the liver are hepatocytes?
80%
What is the primary function of hepatocytes in the liver?
Synthesis of bile acids and albumin
What is the main component of the liver lobules?
Central vein
What is the function of Kupffer cells in the liver?
Phagocytosis and immune function
What is the term for the blood vessels that carry blood from the portal triads to the central vein?
Sinusoids
What is the role of stellate cells in the liver?
Storage of vitamin A
What is the precaution that should be taken when handling serum and plasma samples for bilirubin measurement?
Keep them in the dark
What is the normal range of total bilirubin in mg/dl?
0.2-0.9
Why is the normal range of total bilirubin slightly higher in males than females?
To diagnose Gilbert syndrome
What is direct bilirubin a measure of?
Conjugated bilirubin
How is indirect bilirubin calculated?
By subtracting direct bilirubin from total bilirubin
What is the wavelength used in the spectrophotometric determination of bilirubin methyl esters?
430 nm
What is the result of overproduction or impaired uptake, conjugation, or excretion of bilirubin from hepatocytes to bile ducts?
Hyperbilirubinemia
What is the significance of deep jaundice in hepatic failure?
It is associated with increased mortality
Why is bilirubin not found in urine in normal individuals?
Because it is bound to albumin and not filtered by the glomerulus
What is the implication of measurable amounts of conjugated bilirubin in serum?
Hepatobiliary disease
What is the significance of urine bilirubin levels?
It is a indicator of hepatobiliary disease
What bilirubin level may be seen in hemolysis in association with liver disease?
In excess of 25 mg/dl
What is the normal range of urobilinogen excreted in urine in 24 hours?
0.5-4mg
What happens to urobilinogen in urine in cholestatic jaundice?
It disappears from urine
What is the name of the reagent that urobilinogen reacts with to produce a purple reaction?
Ehrlich's aldehyde reagent
What is the primary location of the enzyme ALT in the liver?
Cytosol only
What is the typical elevation of aminotransferases in severe viral hepatitis?
More than 20 times the normal range
What is the difference between AST and ALT in terms of their tissue distribution?
ALT is present in the liver only, while AST is present in multiple tissues
What is the typical pattern of AST and ALT elevation in chronic liver disease?
AST is more frequently increased than ALT
Which of the following conditions is associated with mildly elevated levels of alkaline phosphatase?
Cirrhosis and hepatitis of congestive cardiac failure
What is the primary function of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT)?
Catalyzing the transfer of γ-glutamyl group to other peptides, amino acids and water
Which of the following drugs is known to induce γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) activity?
All of the above
What is the most common pattern of AST and ALT elevation in acute hepatitis and acute biliary tract obstructions?
ALT is more frequently increased than AST
What is the term for the liver condition characterized by the buildup of fat in liver cells?
Fatty liver
This quiz covers the introduction to liver function tests, including the liver's role in protein, carbohydrate, and lipid homeostasis, and the metabolic pathways carried out in hepatocytes.
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