Clinical Biochemistry: Liver Function Tests
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Questions and Answers

What percentage of cells in the liver are hepatocytes?

  • 90%
  • 80% (correct)
  • 70%
  • 60%

What is the primary function of hepatocytes in the liver?

  • Filtering of blood
  • Synthesis of bile acids and albumin (correct)
  • Storage of glycogen and nutrients
  • Detoxification and metabolism

What is the main component of the liver lobules?

  • Portal triad
  • Central vein (correct)
  • Bile duct
  • Central artery

What is the function of Kupffer cells in the liver?

<p>Phagocytosis and immune function (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the blood vessels that carry blood from the portal triads to the central vein?

<p>Sinusoids (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of stellate cells in the liver?

<p>Storage of vitamin A (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the precaution that should be taken when handling serum and plasma samples for bilirubin measurement?

<p>Keep them in the dark (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal range of total bilirubin in mg/dl?

<p>0.2-0.9 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the normal range of total bilirubin slightly higher in males than females?

<p>To diagnose Gilbert syndrome (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is direct bilirubin a measure of?

<p>Conjugated bilirubin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is indirect bilirubin calculated?

<p>By subtracting direct bilirubin from total bilirubin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the wavelength used in the spectrophotometric determination of bilirubin methyl esters?

<p>430 nm (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of overproduction or impaired uptake, conjugation, or excretion of bilirubin from hepatocytes to bile ducts?

<p>Hyperbilirubinemia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of deep jaundice in hepatic failure?

<p>It is associated with increased mortality (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is bilirubin not found in urine in normal individuals?

<p>Because it is bound to albumin and not filtered by the glomerulus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the implication of measurable amounts of conjugated bilirubin in serum?

<p>Hepatobiliary disease (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of urine bilirubin levels?

<p>It is a indicator of hepatobiliary disease (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What bilirubin level may be seen in hemolysis in association with liver disease?

<p>In excess of 25 mg/dl (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal range of urobilinogen excreted in urine in 24 hours?

<p>0.5-4mg (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to urobilinogen in urine in cholestatic jaundice?

<p>It disappears from urine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the reagent that urobilinogen reacts with to produce a purple reaction?

<p>Ehrlich's aldehyde reagent (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary location of the enzyme ALT in the liver?

<p>Cytosol only (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical elevation of aminotransferases in severe viral hepatitis?

<p>More than 20 times the normal range (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between AST and ALT in terms of their tissue distribution?

<p>ALT is present in the liver only, while AST is present in multiple tissues (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical pattern of AST and ALT elevation in chronic liver disease?

<p>AST is more frequently increased than ALT (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions is associated with mildly elevated levels of alkaline phosphatase?

<p>Cirrhosis and hepatitis of congestive cardiac failure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT)?

<p>Catalyzing the transfer of γ-glutamyl group to other peptides, amino acids and water (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following drugs is known to induce γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) activity?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common pattern of AST and ALT elevation in acute hepatitis and acute biliary tract obstructions?

<p>ALT is more frequently increased than AST (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the liver condition characterized by the buildup of fat in liver cells?

<p>Fatty liver (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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