Clinical Biochemistry: Liver Function Tests
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Questions and Answers

What percentage of cells in the liver are hepatocytes?

  • 90%
  • 80% (correct)
  • 70%
  • 60%

    • What is the primary function of hepatocytes in the liver?

  • Filtering of blood
  • Synthesis of bile acids and albumin (correct)
  • Storage of glycogen and nutrients
  • Detoxification and metabolism

    • What is the main component of the liver lobules?

  • Portal triad
  • Central vein (correct)
  • Bile duct
  • Central artery

    • What is the function of Kupffer cells in the liver?

    <p>Phagocytosis and immune function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the blood vessels that carry blood from the portal triads to the central vein?

    <p>Sinusoids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of stellate cells in the liver?

    <p>Storage of vitamin A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the precaution that should be taken when handling serum and plasma samples for bilirubin measurement?

    <p>Keep them in the dark</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range of total bilirubin in mg/dl?

    <p>0.2-0.9</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the normal range of total bilirubin slightly higher in males than females?

    <p>To diagnose Gilbert syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is direct bilirubin a measure of?

    <p>Conjugated bilirubin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is indirect bilirubin calculated?

    <p>By subtracting direct bilirubin from total bilirubin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the wavelength used in the spectrophotometric determination of bilirubin methyl esters?

    <p>430 nm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of overproduction or impaired uptake, conjugation, or excretion of bilirubin from hepatocytes to bile ducts?

    <p>Hyperbilirubinemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of deep jaundice in hepatic failure?

    <p>It is associated with increased mortality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is bilirubin not found in urine in normal individuals?

    <p>Because it is bound to albumin and not filtered by the glomerulus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the implication of measurable amounts of conjugated bilirubin in serum?

    <p>Hepatobiliary disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of urine bilirubin levels?

    <p>It is a indicator of hepatobiliary disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What bilirubin level may be seen in hemolysis in association with liver disease?

    <p>In excess of 25 mg/dl</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range of urobilinogen excreted in urine in 24 hours?

    <p>0.5-4mg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to urobilinogen in urine in cholestatic jaundice?

    <p>It disappears from urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the reagent that urobilinogen reacts with to produce a purple reaction?

    <p>Ehrlich's aldehyde reagent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary location of the enzyme ALT in the liver?

    <p>Cytosol only</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical elevation of aminotransferases in severe viral hepatitis?

    <p>More than 20 times the normal range</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between AST and ALT in terms of their tissue distribution?

    <p>ALT is present in the liver only, while AST is present in multiple tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical pattern of AST and ALT elevation in chronic liver disease?

    <p>AST is more frequently increased than ALT</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions is associated with mildly elevated levels of alkaline phosphatase?

    <p>Cirrhosis and hepatitis of congestive cardiac failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT)?

    <p>Catalyzing the transfer of γ-glutamyl group to other peptides, amino acids and water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following drugs is known to induce γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) activity?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common pattern of AST and ALT elevation in acute hepatitis and acute biliary tract obstructions?

    <p>ALT is more frequently increased than AST</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the liver condition characterized by the buildup of fat in liver cells?

    <p>Fatty liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

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