Liver Function and Disorders

<p>Triglycerides (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Triglycerides and fats (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Autosomal recessive (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Elevated total bilirubin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Severe unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>30% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It has normal liver enzymes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Indicator of hepatocyte integrity and acute damage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hemolysis and impaired liver function (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ALP is specific to liver function only. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Jaundice (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Impaired hepatic synthesis function (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Albumin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Viral hepatitis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Impaired liver function or hemolysis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alcohol ingestion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Infection (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Liver failure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Liver biopsy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acute hepatic failure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Liver biopsy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Progression to cirrhosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fatigue (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transferrin saturation of 70% or greater (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Presence of Kayser-Fleischer rings (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Active hepatitis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Damage to the liver and other organs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fecal-oral route (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Jaundice (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cirrhosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Contaminated needles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>70% to 80% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hepatitis C (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>2 weeks before symptoms appear (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The liver plays a crucial role in regulating blood glucose levels, using hormones like insulin and glucagon to control glycogen storage and breakdown (glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis).

The liver manufactures lipoproteins, processes fatty acids and triglycerides for energy, changes carbohydrates and proteins into fats, and produces bile from cholesterol.

The liver is essential for producing plasma proteins, including clotting factors, and breaking down amino acids, converting them into urea, a waste product.

The liver processes bilirubin, a byproduct of red blood cell breakdown. It converts unconjugated bilirubin into a form that can be excreted in bile.

The liver receives blood from two main sources: the hepatic artery and the hepatic portal vein.

An enzyme found in liver cells. Elevated levels indicate liver damage.

A yellowish pigment produced from the breakdown of hemoglobin. Elevated levels can cause jaundice.

An enzyme, mostly from the liver and bones. Elevated levels can point to issues with bile flow (cholestasis).

Yellowing of the skin and eyes due to excessive bilirubin.

A protein made in the liver, important for maintaining blood pressure and transporting various substances.

A measure of how quickly blood clots. Elevated PT indicates liver's trouble producing clotting factors.

Breakdown of red blood cells, releasing bilirubin.

Elevated levels can mean hemolysis, liver disease, or blocked bile ducts.

A genetic liver disease with reduced bilirubin conjugation due to decreased glucuronyl transferase activity.

A rare, severe genetic disorder causing no bilirubin conjugation, leading to potentially life-threatening high levels of unconjugated bilirubin.

A less severe genetic disorder with decreased, not absent, bilirubin conjugation, characterized by chronic bilirubinemia.

An autosomal recessive genetic disorder where bilirubin isn't effectively transported out of liver cells, causing conjugated bilirubinemia.

A group of genetic conditions that lead to an abnormal accumulation of bilirubin in the blood.

Gamma-Glutamyl Transpeptidase, a sensitive marker for liver problems, found in hepatocytes' endoplasmic reticulum, involved in detoxification.

Sudden liver damage caused by poisoning, infection or poor blood flow.

A common cause of acute liver disease, resulting from taking too much paracetamol.

Long-term liver damage leading to potential liver complications, including cirrhosis.

The late stage of chronic liver disease, where liver tissue is scarred, leading to liver failure.

Liver's inability to perform its normal functions, which can be a consequence of cirrhosis.

A medical procedure/test, which is the best way to diagnose cirrhosis.

Long term liver inflammation, a type of liver disease.

Inflammation of the liver caused by viruses, bacteria, toxins, drugs, or alcohol.

There are five main types of hepatitis viruses: A, B, C, D, and E.

Hepatitis lasting for 6 months or less. It usually involves symptoms like fatigue, jaundice, fever, nausea, dark urine, and pale feces.

Hepatitis A spreads through the fecal-oral route, often through contaminated food or water.

Hepatitis B spreads through contact with infected blood, semen, or vaginal fluids.

Hepatitis C spreads primarily through contaminated blood, such as from blood transfusions (before 1990s) or shared needles.

A vaccine exists for Hepatitis B, providing protection against infection.

A genetic disorder where the body absorbs too much iron, leading to iron overload in organs. This can cause various symptoms if left untreated.

Early symptoms of hemochromatosis include fatigue, sexual dysfunction (impotence), and joint pain (arthralgia).

Untreated hemochromatosis can lead to serious organ damage, diabetes mellitus, and skin discoloration. This can also lead to cirrhosis and liver cancer.

A genetic disorder where the body doesn't properly process copper, leading to copper buildup in organs. This causes damage to the liver, brain, and eyes.

Signs of Wilson disease include low serum copper, elevated liver enzymes like AST, ALT, GGT, bilirubin, and decreased ceruloplasmin. Kayser-Fleischer rings in the eyes are also a key indicator.