Liver Disease Quiz (BMS Learning Outcomes)

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Questions and Answers

What is one of the essential functions of the liver in relation to carbohydrates?

Filters toxins from the blood

Breaks down proteins

Produces vitamins A and D

Converts glucose into glycogen (correct)

Which condition is characterized by reversible liver damage with lifestyle changes?

Primary biliary cirrhosis

Cirrhosis

Haemochromatosis

Alcoholic hepatitis (correct)

Which of the following symptoms indicates advanced liver disease?

Dark urine (correct)

Nausea

Tiredness and weakness

Weight gain

What is one way Hepatitis B can be transmitted?

Via blood through needle stick injuries Signup and view all the answers

What condition is primarily caused by the immune system attacking bile ducts?

Primary biliary cirrhosis Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is associated with increased blood pressure in the liver?

Spider naevi Signup and view all the answers

What is a major consequence of untreated cirrhosis?

Liver failure Signup and view all the answers

Which vitamin is stored by the liver and is essential for vision?

Vitamin A Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a role of the liver?

Producing insulin for digestion Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the consequences of excessive alcohol consumption on the liver?

Cirrhosis leading to irreversible damage Signup and view all the answers

What precaution must be taken when treating a patient with hepatitis C?

Wear personal protective equipment (PPE) Signup and view all the answers

What post-transplant consideration is crucial in dental treatment planning?

Avoid dental treatment until at least 6 months after transplant Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common modification in anesthetic usage for patients with liver disease?

Switch to articaine instead of lidocaine Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible oral consequence for children who need liver transplants?

Delayed eruption of teeth or dental hypoplasia Signup and view all the answers

What is an important dietary consideration for patients with liver disease?

Diet analysis and advice are essential Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of poor oral hygiene (OH) linked to alcoholic cirrhosis?

Sialosis or parotid enlargement Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about treating patients with liver disease is FALSE?

High doses of tetracycline can be safely used. Signup and view all the answers

What might be necessary for a patient with liver disease after invasive dental procedures?

Antibiotic prophylaxis due to immune suppression Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT recommended for patients with liver disease?

Waiting until after transplant for dental care Signup and view all the answers

What should be prioritized in the oral health care of patients with liver conditions?

Good oral hygiene practices Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Liver Function

Filters and cleans the blood
Processes carbohydrates, proteins, and fats
Stores vitamins (A, D, E, K, B12) and minerals (iron, copper)
Produces bile for fat digestion and absorption
Removes toxins and metabolic waste
Fends off infections, digesting bacteria, fungi, parasites, etc
Regulates blood glucose and cholesterol
Synthesizes essential proteins (clotting factors, albumin, hormones, etc)
Maintains normal blood clotting
Breaks down hemoglobin, cholesterol, proteins, hormones, and drugs

Liver Disease Causes

Alcohol: Alcohol must be processed by the liver, causing damage with consistent consumption. Different stages, from reversible fatty liver to irreversible cirrhosis.
Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD): Fat buildup due to obesity, hypertension, and diabetes.
Immune System Issues: Autoimmune attacks on bile ducts (primary biliary cirrhosis).
Tumors and Cysts: Abnormal growths within the liver.
Inherited Conditions: Examples include iron overload (hemochromatosis).
Viral Infections: (Hepatitis A, B, C, D, E): Spread through various routes, leading to inflammation and potential liver damage.

Liver Disease Symptoms

Often asymptomatic until significantly damaged
Symptoms may include fatigue, nausea, loss of appetite, weight loss, skin changes (palmar erythema, spider naevi, finger clubbing), enlarged salivary glands, jaundice, itching, easy bleeding/bruising, swollen extremities, and dark urine; and endocrine disturbance.

Liver Disease and Dentistry

Relevance: Hepatitis A & B may be spread through contaminated food/drinks and blood/body fluids, respectively. Both must be anticipated in a dental setting. Hep C also has implications in the dental setting.
Infection Control: PPE is essential. Vaccination schedules are crucial, along with strict infection control procedures.
Specific Considerations: Patients with liver disease may have impaired wound healing, increased bleeding risk, and immunosuppression requiring antibiotic coverage for invasive procedures. Liver transplant patients need specific treatment considerations.
Modified Treatment Plans:
- Reduced local anaesthetic dosages may be necessary.
- Alternative or modified treatment plans might be required.
- Increased oral hygiene, nutritional guidance, and cessation of habits.

Liver Disease and Dental Hygiene/Therapy

Hepatitis Implications: Dental hygienists and therapists should be aware of possible transmission routes and must be vaccinated, with appropriate PPE. Avoiding needle stick injuries is crucial.
Symptoms Correlation: Recognizing symptoms (e.g., bleeding/bruising, jaundice, etc.) aids in patient care.
Patient Management Considerations: Modifying treatment plans based on specific needs (e.g., alcohol/drug usage). Maintaining excellent oral hygiene is important, particularly in relation to liver disease, as it is closely linked with poor oral health. Oral care can be complicated by other factors such as complications linked to liver disease.

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Description

Explore the vital functions of the liver, including its role in filtering blood and processing nutrients. Additionally, learn about the various causes of liver diseases such as alcohol consumption, obesity, and autoimmune conditions. This quiz will test your knowledge on liver health and disease.