Liver Failure Management and Transplantation

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Match the following assessment and management measures at ALF presentation with their corresponding goals:

Exclude cirrhosis, alcohol-induced liver injury or malignant infiltration = Immediate measures to rule out other causes Initiate early discussions with tertiary liver/transplant centre = Assessing need for transplantation Determine aetiology to guide treatment = Assessing need for LTx Determine grade of evidence and recommendation = Assessing disease severity

Match the following causes of Acute Liver Failure (ALF) with their corresponding categories:

Drug related = Hepatic/primary ALF Budd–Chiari syndrome = Extrahepatic/secondary liver failure Autoimmune = Hepatic/primary ALF Infections = Extrahepatic/secondary liver failure

Match the following aetiologies of ALF with their corresponding disease groups:

Acute viral hepatitis = Hepatic/primary ALF Toxin-induced ALF = Hepatic/primary ALF Pregnancy related = Hepatic/primary ALF Systemic diseases = Extrahepatic/secondary liver failure

Match the following types of ALF with their corresponding characteristics:

Hepatic/primary ALF = Caused by liver cell damage Extrahepatic/secondary liver failure = Caused by systemic diseases Acute liver failure = Caused by liver cell damage and systemic diseases ACLF = Caused by multiple organ dysfunction Signup and view all the answers

Match the following measures in ALF assessment and management with their corresponding goals related to liver transplantation:

Initiate early discussions with tertiary liver/transplant centre = Assessing need for transplantation Determine aetiology to guide treatment = Assessing need for LTx Exclude cirrhosis, alcohol-induced liver injury or malignant infiltration = Assessing contraindications for transplantation Determine grade of evidence and recommendation = Assessing disease severity Signup and view all the answers

Match the following aetiologies with their corresponding types of Acute Liver Failure (ALF):

Viral = HBV, HAV, HEV, and VZV, HSV-1 and -2 Autoimmune = Autoimmune hepatitis and other autoimmune conditions Drug-induced = Paracetamol overdose and other medications Indeterminate = Unknown causes of ALF Signup and view all the answers

Match the following laboratory tests with their corresponding purposes in ALF assessment:

PT, INR or factor V and full coagulation screen = Assessing coagulopathy and liver function Viral serological screen = Diagnosing viral causes of ALF Toxicology screen in urine and paracetamol serum level = Detecting drug-induced ALF Arterial blood gas and lactate = Assessing disease severity and complications Signup and view all the answers

Match the following criteria with their corresponding uses in ALF management:

King's College criteria = Determining the need for emergency liver transplantation HE grade = Assessing neurological status and encephalopathy INR and serum creatinine levels = Monitoring liver function and kidney function Cultures and antibiotic therapy = Managing infections and preventing sepsis Signup and view all the answers

Match the following treatments with their corresponding uses in ALF management:

N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) = Treatment of paracetamol-induced ALF Glucose infusions = Preventing hypoglycemia and supporting liver function Stress ulcer prophylaxis = Preventing gastrointestinal bleeding Corticosteroids = Treating autoimmune hepatitis and other autoimmune conditions Signup and view all the answers

Match the following complications with their corresponding associations with ALF:

Infections and sepsis = Worsening neurological outcomes and mortality Coagulopathy = Increased risk of bleeding and mortality Encephalopathy = Fluctuating neurological status and deep coma Multi-organ failure = Poor prognosis and high mortality rate Signup and view all the answers

Match the following hepatic encephalopathy (HE) features with their corresponding characteristics:

Asterixis = Flapping tremor of the hands and feet Hyperreflexia = Increased deep tendon reflexes Clonus = Sustained muscle contraction Coma = Deep and prolonged loss of consciousness Signup and view all the answers

Match the following aetiologies with their corresponding causes of Acute Liver Failure (ALF):

Viral = Hepatitis B, A, E Drugs = Paracetamol, anti-tuberculous, chemotherapy, statins, NSAIDs, phenytoin, carbamazepine, ecstasy, flucloxacillin Toxins = Amanita phalloides, phosphorus Vascular = Budd–Chiari syndrome, hypoxic hepatitis Signup and view all the answers

Match the following ALF classifications with their corresponding timeframes from development of jaundice to development of HE:

Hyperacute = <7 days Acute = 7-14 days Subacute = 14-28 days Chronic = >28 days Signup and view all the answers

Match the following symptoms with their corresponding severity levels in ALF:

Intracranial hypertension = +++ Jaundice = ++ Coagulopathy = + HE = +/- Signup and view all the answers

Match the following coagulopathy levels with their corresponding prognoses in ALF:

Good = High chance of spontaneous recovery Moderate = Moderate chance of spontaneous recovery Poor = Low chance of spontaneous recovery Signup and view all the answers

Match the following liver diseases with their corresponding associations with ALF:

Wilson disease = Principal aetiology Autoimmune = Principal aetiology Lymphoma = Other aetiology Malignancy = Other aetiology Signup and view all the answers

Match the following pregnancy-related conditions with their corresponding associations with ALF:

Pre-eclamptic liver rupture = Principal aetiology HELLP = Principal aetiology Fatty liver of pregnancy = Principal aetiology Budd–Chiari syndrome = Other aetiology Signup and view all the answers

Liver Failure Management and Transplantation

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