30 Questions
What can liver function tests be used for?
Detecting the presence of liver disease
Which liver enzymes are considered biomarkers of liver injury?
ALT and AST
What is the primary function of routine liver function tests?
To indicate the nature of disease but not provide a specific diagnosis
Which enzyme is linked to liver disease and the biliary tract?
ALP
What characteristic do most liver diseases share in terms of symptoms?
They are asymptomatic at initial stages
Why are liver function tests considered valuable in clinical practice?
They are non-invasive and widely available
Where does the degradation of bilirubin mono and di-glucuronides mainly occur?
Colon
What is the process by which a small amount of reabsorbed urobilinogen reaches the liver after being excreted by the intestines?
Enterohepatic circulation
Which organ is responsible for oxidizing urobilinogen to form urobilin?
Kidneys
Where does the conjugation of bilirubin occur in the liver?
Endoplasmic reticulum
To which plasma protein is bilirubin bound for transport to peripheral tissues?
Albumin
In the liver, bilirubin binds to which intracellular protein?
Ligandin
Which intermediate is involved in bilirubin metabolism and excretion?
Urobilinogen
What is the consequence of severe intrahepatic cholestasis or complete bile duct obstruction?
Clay-colored stool
At what serum bilirubin level does jaundice become clinically apparent?
Above 50 µmol/L
Where is the largest amount of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) found?
Liver
Which statement is true about liver function in liver disease?
Increased urinary urobilinogen/urobilin and stercobilin excretion
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of jaundice?
Normal serum bilirubin levels
Which enzyme is specifically released by the liver in response to bile duct obstruction or impaired bile flow?
5'-Nucleotidase
What is the normal reference interval for serum gammaglutamyl transferase (SGGT)?
2 - 15 U/L
Which condition is marked by the most elevated serum GGT level?
Alcoholic liver disease
What reaction is catalyzed by 5'-Nucleotidase?
Ribonucleotide + H2O -> ribonucleoside + phosphate
Which enzyme level is unrelated to osteoblastic activity according to the text?
5'-Nucleotidase
What enzyme is specific and sensitive for hepatobiliary disease and can be used to confirm hepatic origin of elevated serum ALP?
5'-Nucleotidase
Which enzyme is specifically mentioned to be elevated in cell membranes of the liver, kidney, and pancreas?
Gamma-glutamyltransferase
What is the main role of Albumin in the body?
Maintaining osmotic pressure in the vascular system
Which pair of plasma enzymes are mentioned as the most sensitive in diagnosing hepatobiliary diseases?
Acid Phosphatase and 5’-nucleotidase
Which group of disorders is mentioned to have elevated levels of Gamma-glutamyltransferase?
Myocardial infarction, diabetes mellitus and pancreatic disease
What is the specific hepatic function related to Albumin mentioned in the text?
Maintaining the osmotic pressure in the vascular system
Which enzyme mentioned is least likely to be involved in diagnosing hepatobiliary diseases when considering sensitivity?
Lactate dehydrogenase
Learn about the functions of the liver, bilirubin production and metabolism, and routine liver function tests including enzymes like ALT, AST, ALP, GGT, albumin, direct and total bilirubin. This quiz provides an overview of liver function tests (LFTs) which are clinical biochemistry laboratory blood assays used to assess the state of the liver.
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