Liver Diseases and Repair Mechanisms

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

What is the characteristic feature of steatosis?

Fatty droplets and displaced nuclei (correct)
Bilirubin accumulation
Scarring of liver tissue
Ballooning of hepatocytes

What is the hallmark of alcohol-induced or non-alcoholic steato-hepatitis?

Inflammation of liver tissue
Scarring of liver tissue
Fat accumulation in the liver
Ballooning of hepatocytes (correct)

What is the term for the accumulation of bilirubin in the liver?

Hepatitis
Cholestasis (correct)
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Steatosis

What is the term for liver disease caused by excessive alcohol consumption?

ALD (Alcoholic Liver Disease) (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the formation of scar tissue in the liver?

Scar formation and regression (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for liver disease caused by a viral infection?

Viral hepatitis (C) Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells participate in parenchymal restoration in biliary disease?

Multi-potent stem cells (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of hepatic stellate cells in their quiescent state?

Lipid storage (D) Signup and view all the answers

What stimulates the activation of hepatic stellate cells?

Inflammatory cytokines (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of persistent injury and inflammatory stimuli?

Deposition of ECM and scarring (C) Signup and view all the answers

What receptor signaling mediates the conversion of stellate cells to myofibroblasts?

PDGF-β receptor (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of ethanol metabolism on liver function?

It shifts the NADH/NAD+ ratio, inducing steatosis (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic appearance of bile pigment in cholestasis?

It appears as golden granular material within hepatocytes (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the repair process taken over by actual tissue stem cells?

Ductular reaction (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of hepatocellular ballooning in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis?

It is characterized by cellular enlargement 1.5-2 times the normal hepatocyte diameter (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the ultrastructural feature of ballooned hepatocytes in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis?

A dilation of the endoplasmic reticulum, sometimes referred to as hydropic change (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of feathery degeneration in cholestasis?

It is characterized by cytoplasmic swelling with protein condensation (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the association of ballooned cells in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis?

They are associated with Mallory-Denk bodies (B) Signup and view all the answers

What type of necrosis is often restricted to the linking of terminal hepatic venules to portal tracts?

Bridging Necrosis (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is Bridging Necrosis a manifestation of?

Severe acute hepatitis (A) Signup and view all the answers

What type of bridging necrosis is seen in parenchymal hypoperfusion and venous outflow obstruction?

Central-to-Central (C-C) Bridging Necrosis (C) Signup and view all the answers

What feature is common in exacerbations of chronic hepatitis?

Central-to-Portal Bridging Necrosis without elastic fibers (C) Signup and view all the answers

What type of bridging necrosis is often seen in conditions where portal tracts are widened?

Portal-to-Portal (P-P) Bridging Necrosis (A) Signup and view all the answers

What type of necrosis involves large zones of hepatocyte injury and loss?

Confluent Necrosis (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the commonest cause of confluent necrosis in biopsy material?

Hepatitis, either viral or drug-related (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of confluent necrosis?

Proliferation of neocholangioles (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical location of confluent necrosis in the liver?

Perivenular (centrilobular) (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following can cause confluent necrosis with little or no inflammation?

Hypoperfusion of the hepatic parenchyma (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is bridging necrosis?

Confluent necrosis linking terminal venules to portal tracts (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following drugs can cause confluent necrosis?

Paracetamol (acetaminophen) (A) Signup and view all the answers