Układ pokarmowy cz 2

What is the primary outcome of chronic liver cell destruction and inflammation?

Regenerative nodules formation

Healthy liver tissue regeneration

Reversible liver damage

Fibrotic liver tissue (correct)

What is the term used to describe the formation of scar tissue in the liver?

Regenerative nodules formation

Hepatocyte destruction

Fibrosis (correct)

Cirrhosis

What is the characteristic of a cirrhotic liver in terms of its texture?

Smooth and healthy

Bumpy and irregular (correct)

Fibrotic and scarred

Inflamed and swollen

What is the function of regenerative nodules in the liver?

To replace damaged liver cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the late-stage or end-stage liver damage?

Cirrhosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of the tissue between regenerative nodules in a cirrhotic liver?

Fibrotic tissue and collagen Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a condition where patients develop tremoring or jerky hands when outstretched?

Asterixis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a complication of increased estrogen in the blood?

Hepatomegaly Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of stellate cells in healthy tissue?

To store vitamin A and remain quiescent Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a decreased amount of albumin in the blood?

Hypoalbuminemia Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the 'gold standard' diagnostic test for cirrhosis?

Liver biopsy Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the compression of central veins and sinusoids due to fibrotic tissue buildup?

Intrasinusoidal hypertension Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a condition where the liver can still perform most of its functions despite having some scarring and fibrosis?

Compensated cirrhosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the condition where the spleen becomes enlarged due to excess fluid and blood backing up into it?

Congestive splenomegaly Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a low platelet count?

Thrombocytopenia Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of hepatocytes in healthy liver tissue?

To detoxify blood Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of decreased filtration in the kidneys due to hepato-renal failure?

Decreased renal circulation Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor contributing to the development of hepatic encephalopathy?

Ammonia in the blood Signup and view all the answers

What is the process mediated by stellate cells that leads to the formation of fibrotic tissue?

Fibrosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the diversion of blood away from the liver due to high liver pressures?

Portosystemic shunt Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the higher pressure in the portal veins?

Portal hypertension Signup and view all the answers

What is the condition characterized by excess fluid accumulation in the peritoneal cavity?

Ascites Signup and view all the answers

What is the Child-Pugh scale used to assess?

The severity of liver disease Signup and view all the answers

How many clinical measures of liver function does the Child-Pugh scale evaluate?

5 Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the clinical measures of liver function evaluated by the Child-Pugh scale?

Bilirubin level Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the MELD scale?

To predict mortality in patients undergoing TIPS procedures Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the clinical applications of the MELD score?

To prioritize liver transplantation Signup and view all the answers

What are the three laboratory values used to calculate the MELD score?

Bilirubin, creatinine, and INR Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal range of blood pressure in the portal vein?

5-10 mmHg Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the most common cause of portal hypertension?

Cirrhosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of endoscopy in the diagnosis of portal hypertension?

To visualize varices Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of pharmacological therapy in managing portal hypertension?

To reduce portal pressure Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary indication for liver transplantation in portal hypertension?

Severe liver disease Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the connection between the portal vein and the hepatic vein created to manage refractory variceal bleeding?

Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of cirrhosis due to the buildup of fat in the liver?

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following symptoms is characterized by the yellowing of the skin and eyes?

Jaundice Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the formation of scar tissue in the liver, which can lead to cirrhosis?

Liver fibrosis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a cause of liver fibrosis?

Alcohol abuse Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary method used to diagnose liver fibrosis?

Liver biopsy Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the stage of liver fibrosis where the liver can still perform most of its functions despite having some scarring and fibrosis?

Compensated cirrhosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of portosystemic collateral circulation?

Portal hypertension Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the abnormal connections between the portal vein and the azygos vein?

Esophageal varices Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of portosystemic collateral circulation?

Variceal bleeding Signup and view all the answers

How is portosystemic collateral circulation typically diagnosed?

Endoscopy Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of portosystemic collateral circulation?

It is a hallmark of portal hypertension Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the abnormal connections between the portal vein and the gastric veins?

Gastric varices Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary complication of portal hypertension in the gastrointestinal system?

Gastroesophageal variceal bleeding Signup and view all the answers

What is the condition characterized by the accumulation of toxic substances in the brain, leading to neurological symptoms?

Hepatic encephalopathy Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary complication of liver cirrhosis in the cardiovascular system?

Portal hypertension-induced cardiomyopathy Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary complication of liver cirrhosis in the renal system?

Hepatorenal syndrome Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary complication of liver cirrhosis in the musculoskeletal system?

Osteoporosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the increased risk of cancer associated with liver cirrhosis?

Hepatocellular carcinoma and colon cancer Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary predictor of bleeding from esophageal varices?

History of variceal bleeding Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of systemic hemodynamic changes in liver cirrhosis?

Hyperdynamic circulation with increased cardiac output and heart rate Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of treatment in hepatorenal syndrome?

Improving renal perfusion Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of hepatopulmonary syndrome?

Hypoxemia with intrapulmonary shunting Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of ascites in liver cirrhosis?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary treatment for refractory ascites in liver cirrhosis?