Liver Anatomy and Histology Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the weight of a normal adult liver relative to body weight?

Approximately 5%

Approximately 10%

Approximately 2% to 3.3% (correct)

Approximately 18%

Which lobe of the liver is significantly larger?

Caudate lobe

Quadrate lobe

Right lobe (correct)

Left lobe

What is the anatomical feature that separates the lobes of the liver?

Hepatic ducts

Gallbladder

Falciform ligament (correct)

Inferior vena cava

What structure runs in the free edge of the falciform ligament?

Round ligament Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following vessels does NOT comprise the hilum of the liver?

Hepatic vein Signup and view all the answers

What does the segmental subdivision of the liver depend on?

Distribution pattern of blood vessels Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of a healthy liver?

Brownish red Signup and view all the answers

Which lobe lies anteriorly between the gallbladder and the round ligament?

Quadrate lobe Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the liver's blood supply is provided by the portal vein?

75% Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is responsible for draining the secretions from the liver?

Common bile duct Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the liver tissue systems is primarily involved in oxygenated blood supply?

Hepatic artery Signup and view all the answers

What is the main source of lymph in the liver?

Disse’s space Signup and view all the answers

What structure do the intrahepatic ducts ultimately merge to form?

Common bile duct Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of lymph vessels in the liver?

Convey lymph away from liver tissues Signup and view all the answers

Which structure converges blood from the liver to join the inferior vena cava?

Hepatic vein Signup and view all the answers

Which function is primarily attributed to hepatocytes?

Perform basic metabolic functions Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cell constitutes the greatest proportion of sinusoidal cells in the liver?

Endothelial cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the lifespan of hepatocytes in the liver?

150 to 200 days Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about Kupffer cells is accurate?

They act primarily as active phagocytes. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the valves found in lymph vessels?

To permit lymph flow only in one direction Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of total liver cell number do Ito cells constitute?

38% Signup and view all the answers

Which component is NOT part of the stroma in the liver?

Intrahepatic vascular system Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of biliary epithelial cells?

Participate in biligenesis Signup and view all the answers

Which portion of the hepatocyte membrane is primarily involved in absorptive and secretory functions?

Sinusoidal surface Signup and view all the answers

What composes the liver's capsule?

Collagenous and elastic fibers Signup and view all the answers

What is the ratio of PIT cells to Kupffer cells?

2:10 Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the perivascular connective tissue in the liver?

It supports hepatic arterioles and portal veins Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about sinusoidal cells is accurate?

They provide mechanical support for sinusoids Signup and view all the answers

Which of these cell types is also known as fat-storing cells?

Ito cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the main structural feature of the reticular network in the liver?

It comprises fibers that support hepatocyte regeneration Signup and view all the answers

What does the portal tract in the liver contain?

Radicles of the portal veins and bile ducts Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a primary function of the hepatic lymph nodes?

To effect drainage of lymph in the porta hepatis area Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Liver Anatomy

The liver is a vital organ weighing approximately 1/18 of a newborn's body weight and 1/50 of an adult's body weight.
The liver is located in the upper right quadrant of the abdomen, protected by the rib cage.
The liver has two lobes: the left lobe and the right lobe, separated by the falciform ligament.
The right lobe is significantly larger than the left lobe.

Liver Topography

The liver hilum, located on the inferior surface, contains structures like the hepatic artery, portal vein, common hepatic duct, lymph vessels, and hepatic nerve plexus.
These structures are held together by the perivascular fibrous capsule.

Liver Structure and Histology

The liver comprises four tissue systems:
- Intrahepatic vascular system
- Stroma
- Sinusoidal cells
- Hepatocytes

Intrahepatic Vascular System

The hepatic artery carries oxygenated blood from the aorta, supplying approximately 25% of the liver's blood supply.
The portal vein carries nutrient-rich blood from the gastrointestinal tract, supplying approximately 75% of the liver's blood supply.
The hepatic vein drains blood from the liver and joins the inferior vena cava.
The biliary system, starting with bile canaliculi, is responsible for excreting bile produced by hepatocytes.
Lymph vessels play a vital role in draining lymph from the liver, a process which surpasses other organs in the body.

Stroma

Stroma refers to the connective tissue in the liver and consists of:
- Capsule of the liver, a thin layer of tissue surrounding it.
- Perivascular connective tissue, a framework supporting the interlobular vessels.
- Reticular network, providing support for sinusoids and aiding in hepatocyte regeneration.
- Portal tract, containing structures like portal veins and bile ducts.

Sinusoidal Cells

Sinusoidal cells constitute a small proportion of the liver volume but play a crucial role in its function and are categorized as:
- Endothelial cells, forming the lining of the sinusoids.
- Kupffer cells, phagocytic cells responsible for removing debris and harmful substances.
- Ito cells, involved in storing fat and producing extracellular matrix.
- PIT cells, natural killer cells that destroy tumor cells and foreign agents.

Hepatocytes

Hepatocytes are the primary functional cells of the liver, comprising a significant portion of its volume.
They play a vital role in metabolism, detoxification, and bile production.
Hepatocytes have a lifespan of 150-200 days, undergoing programmed death (apoptosis).
The liver is a complex organ with diverse functions, and its intricate structure facilitates these vital roles.

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Description

Test your knowledge on liver anatomy, topography, and histology with this quiz. Explore the structures and functions of this vital organ, including its blood supply and tissue systems. Perfect for students of anatomy and biology!