Literature and Society

• The presentation covers the topic of literature and society.
• The aspects which encompass history, meaning, forms, and importance are explored.

Objectives

• To explain the meaning of Literature.
• To present the value of literature.
• To write statements about the role of literature from the past to the present.

Panitikan

• "PANG-TITIK-AN"
• TITIK = LITERATURA (LITERATURE)
• LITERATURA came from the Latin word LITTERA which means TITIK.
• This refers to all kinds of expression.
• The writing narrates life, living, society, government, faith, and experiences related to different kinds of feelings.
• Feelings include love, joy, hope, revenge, hate, disgust, terror, and fear.
• Literary value is as vital as the unending flow of water in a spring, never disappearing or being destroyed.
• Latin was recognized around the world due to the composition of Divina Comedia by Dante Alighieri.
• Latin was the first language of England but English replaced it because of The Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer.
• Harriet Beecher Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin served as a light in America to end racism.
• Jose Rizal was feared by the Spaniards as a writer because of Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo.

Global Influence of Literature

• A vast influence of literature exists due to the discussion in literary works of civilization, beliefs, customs, and the race where it originated.
• People in the world understand each other because of literature.
• Examples of global influences of literature include:
• Bible / Holy Scripture
• Koran came from Arabia
• Uncle Tom's Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe from America
• Iliad and Odyssey by Homer of Greece
• Divina Comedia by Dante of Italy
• Canterbury Tales by Chaucer of England
• Book of Days by Confucius of China
• Book of the Dead - Mythology and Theology of Egypt
• One Thousand and One Nights – from the life of the Arabs
• El Cid Campeador - national trait of the Spaniards
• Awit ni Rolando – Golden Age of Christianity of France
• Mahabharata – the longest epic in the world

Why Filipino Literature should be studied

• To know the inherited wealth and inherent talents of the race of origin.
• To know that Filipinos have a great tradition under the guidance of influences from other countries.
• To discover the flaws in national literature and correct them.
• To value what is Filipino.

Two types of Literature

• Fiction
• Non-fiction

Two forms of Literature

PATULA (versified)

• Statements in verses with meter and rhyme, number of syllables.

TULAYAN O PROSA (prose)

• Free combination of words in a sentence.

Mga Akdang Patula (Literary Arts)

• Narrative poem
• Song / Corrido
• Epic
• Riddle
• Haiku/Tanaga
• Saying - Idiom, Puzzle, Proverb

Akdang Tuluyan (Literary Works)

• Legend
• Anecdote
• Novel
• Parable
• Fable
• Folk tale
• Short story
• Play
• Essay
• Biography
• Speech
• News

Definition of Pre-Colonial Era

• Literature during the Pre-Colonial Era or before colonization/era of native.
• Natives already had their own literature before the Spaniards arrived.
• Literature shared history, folklore, epics, folk songs, proverbs, sayings, riddles, puzzles, etc.

Baybayin

• Baybayin consists of 17 letters and is similar to those used by Malayo-Polynesians.
• First friars burned records, believing they were the work of the devil.
• Friars burned the manuscripts written in old Baybayin in different parts of the Philippines.
• The unburned examples were folk songs passed down through oral tradition.
• Biyas of bamboo, caps of fruit or coconut, leaves and bark of trees were used for writing.