Literary Criticism Overview
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Questions and Answers

Which character is featured in the trilogy play entitled 'The Orestia'?

  • Agamemnon (correct)
  • Antigone
  • Hector
  • Oedipus
  • What notable award did Arthur Miller win for 'The Death of a Salesman'?

  • The Tony Award and the Pulitzer Prize (correct)
  • The Academy Award
  • The Olivier Award
  • The Nobel Prize
  • Which of the following works was authored by Oscar Wilde?

  • A Streetcar Named Desire
  • The Glass Menagerie
  • The Importance of Being Earnest (correct)
  • Death of a Salesman
  • What genre is Nora Ephron best known for?

    <p>Romantic Comedies (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which film marked Nora Ephron's first attempt at making and directing a film?

    <p>This is My Life (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of Sociological Criticism?

    <p>The cultural, economic, and political context of a literary piece (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of criticism emphasizes the impact of the reader's mind while interpreting a literary work?

    <p>Reader-Response Criticism (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Gender Criticism explore in literary works?

    <p>The influence of sexual identity on the creation of literature (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key concern of Biographical Criticism?

    <p>How the author's life experiences relate to their writing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect does Formalist Criticism primarily focus on?

    <p>A close reading of the text's structure and elements (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Feminist Approach in Gender Criticism aims to address what issue?

    <p>Achieving gender equality in literary criticism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following questions would a Formalist Critic likely ask?

    <p>How does the plot build to a suspenseful resolution? (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What unique perspective does Masculinist Approach bring to literary criticism?

    <p>It examines male desires and challenges in literature (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the introduction in a critique paper?

    <p>To provide the author’s name, book title, and thesis statement (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which step is NOT part of the process of writing a literary criticism?

    <p>Determine the audience’s preference (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of dialogue in a drama?

    <p>To reveal character traits and advance the plot (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'intertextuality' refer to in literature?

    <p>A literary device using textual references within a text (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of drama?

    <p>Plot development (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of 'stage directions' in a drama?

    <p>They provide actor interpretations for scenes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a 'One Act Play'?

    <p>A representation of life arousing emotion in an audience (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is known as the 'Father of Tragedy'?

    <p>Aeschylus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true about the playwright William Shakespeare?

    <p>He mixed tragedy and comedy in his later works (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of drama, what does 'climax' refer to?

    <p>The moment of greatest tension in the plot (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary aim of the body section in a critique paper?

    <p>To discuss strong and weak points of the literary piece (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of a one act play, what must be introduced through dialogue?

    <p>The development of the plot and conflict (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which playwright is known for his tragic themes such as betrayal and moral failure?

    <p>William Shakespeare (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'denouement' refer to in the structure of a play?

    <p>The final resolution of the plot (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Literary Criticism

    The analysis, interpretation, and evaluation of literary works, focusing on its form and context.

    Sociological Criticism

    Examines how the social, cultural, economic, and political context of a work influences its meaning.

    Reader-Response Criticism

    Focuses on how a reader interprets and experiences a literary work.

    Gender Criticism

    Explores how gender identities influence the creation and reception of a literary work.

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    Feminist Approach

    Aims to critique gender inequalities in literature and empower women and LGBTQ+ individuals.

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    Biographical Criticism

    Examines how an author's life experiences influence their writing.

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    Formalist Criticism

    Analyzes the literary work's individual elements, such as character, setting, plot, and point of view.

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    Character Analysis in Formalist Criticism

    Examines how characters interact, evolve, and contribute to the story.

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    Arthur Miller

    An American playwright known for his honesty and edginess in his works. He is most famous for "The Death of a Salesman", which won him a Tony Award and Pulitzer Prize.

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    The Orestia

    A trilogy of plays by Aeschylus, including "Agamemnon", "The Libation Bearers", and "The Eumenides".

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    Oscar Wilde

    An Irish poet and playwright famous for witty prose and social satire. His most famous play is "The Importance of Being Earnest", known for its farcical comedy.

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    Nora Ephron

    An American writer, playwright, and filmmaker known for her romantic comedies. Notable works include "Sleepless in Seattle" and "When Harry Met Sally".

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    "The Death of a Salesman"

    A play by Arthur Miller exploring the tragic life of a salesman struggling with his identity and societal expectations.

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    Author's Purpose

    The reason why an author writes a piece, whether it's to entertain, inform, persuade, or express emotions.

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    Literary Approaches

    Different methods of understanding and analyzing literature, such as feminist criticism, Marxist criticism, or historical criticism.

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    Introduction (Literary Criticism)

    The beginning of a literary criticism paper, introducing the author, work, thesis statement, and source material.

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    Body (Literary Criticism)

    The main part of a literary criticism paper, discussing the strengths and weaknesses of the work in a logical and organized way.

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    Conclusion (Literary Criticism)

    The ending of a literary criticism paper, summarizing the analysis and providing a final opinion on the text.

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    Drama

    A form of storytelling through dialogue and action, typically performed on stage. It explores conflicts between characters, often with a dramatic plot.

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    Character (Drama)

    The people or animals who are involved in the drama, portrayed by actors, and driving the action forward.

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    Setting (Drama)

    The location, time, and environment of the drama where the events occur, including stage directions.

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    Plot (Drama)

    The structure of the play, which tells the story through events and conflicts, including exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, and resolution.

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    Dialogue (Drama)

    Conversation between characters, revealing their personalities and motivations, often leading to action.

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    One-Act Play

    A short play with a single act, focusing on a specific story and often concluding with a resolution.

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    Intertextuality

    The relationship between a text and other texts, where one text refers to or draws inspiration from another.

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    Playwright

    An author who writes plays, creating scripts and stories to be performed by actors on stage.

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    Study Notes

    Literary Criticism

    • Aims to compare, analyze, interpret, and/or evaluate literary works.
    • Essentially criticising, evaluating, or judging a literary work based on its form.

    Types of Literary Criticism

    • Sociological/Historical Criticism: Examines literary works within their cultural, economic, and political context. Links author to society.
    • Reader-Response Criticism: Focuses on the reader's experience and interpretation while reading. Aims to understand the reader's impact.
    • Gender Criticism: Explores how sexual identity shapes literary works, including potentially conscious or unconscious gender influences on writing.
    • Feminist Approach: Seeks to correct gender imbalances and empower all genders, including LGBTQ+.
    • Masculinist Approach (Robert Bly): Focuses on men's desires and issues.
    • Biographical Criticism: Examines how an author's life affects their writings. Analyzes the social, cultural, political, and intellectual context influencing the work.
    • Formalist Criticism: Focuses on the work itself, analyzing elements like:
    • Character: Interactions, uniqueness, and development.
    • Setting: Foreshadowing, tension enhancement.
    • Plot: Unusual, unexpected, or suspenseful scenes, leading to resolutions and conflict.
    • Point of View: Omniscient (all-knowing) or limited; who tells the story.

    Steps to Write a Literary Criticism

    1. Read and understand the literary work.
    2. Determine the author's purpose.
    3. Analyze each segment/section.
    4. Choose a literary criticism approach.
    5. Compose a critique paper with:
    • Introduction: Author, title, source, thesis statement.
    • Body: Strong and weak points in a logical, clear manner.
    • Conclusion: Overall opinion, approval or disapproval.
    • Literary criticism improves reading comprehension to understand broader literature.

    Elements of Drama

    • Drama: Fictional representation through dialogue and performance. Presents a story with character conflict.
    • Dramatist/Playwright: Person writing for stage directions.
    • Character: People (or animals) portrayed by actors/actresses. Drives play's action.
    • Protagonist: Main character.
    • Antagonist: Villain.
    • Secondary Characters: Supporting characters.
    • Setting: Place, time, and environment where events occur.
    • Stage Directions: Notes (italics/parentheses) guiding actor interpretations.
    • Plot: Storyline structure showing what happens.
    • Exposition: Introduces background.
    • Inciting Incident: Event triggering conflict.
    • Rising Action: Building dramatic tension.
    • Climax: Peak of action.
    • Falling Action: Events following the climax.
    • Denouement: Resolution.
    • Dialogue: Conversation between characters. Reveals character, suggests action.

    Script for One Act Play

    • One Act Play: Orderly representation of life arousing emotion in an audience.
    • Steps in Writing a One Act Play:
      1. Prewrite: Define play, its components, desired characters, intended audience impact, outline of 3-4 scenes involving main characters, conflict, problem to climax, resolution.
      2. Write the Play: Develop characters through insightful dialogue, advance the plot through dialogue, include stage directions, suggest settings, props, lightning.
      3. Read through Draft: Observe natural language flow, character development, and conflict. Evaluate values of movement and gestures, and whether the play causes the intended reactions.
      4. Walk-through the Play: Assess feasibility of action (classroom/theater). Determine minimum props, costumes, lighting, and performance time.

    Intertextuality

    • Intertextuality: Literary device using textual references within a text. Shows complex interrelationship between the text and other texts used as basis.
    • Often builds upon existing stories/texts. (e.g., A Tempest by Aimé Césaire is an adaptation of Shakespeare's The Tempest, reimagining characters with a postcolonial perspective).

    Playwrights

    • Playwright: Person who writes dramatic literature (plays). Can be intended for stage performance or as "closet dramas" (not meant for performance). Creates stories through character dialogue and action.
    • William Shakespeare: Considered the greatest English playwright and writer.
    • Known for tragedies like Hamlet, Othello, Macbeth, King Lear, and mixing tragedy and comedy in tragicomedies (The Tempest, Cymbeline, The Winter's Tale).
    • Aeschylus: "Father of Tragedy."
    • Greek tragedian.
    • The Persians (472 BC), Seven Against Thebes, The Orestia (trilogy: Agamemnon, The Libation Bearers, The Eumenides).
    • Arthur Miller: 20th-century American playwright.
    • Known for honesty and edginess in his work.
    • Death of a Salesman (most successful, Tony Award and Pulitzer Prize win).
    • Oscar Wilde: 19th-century intellectual playwright.
    • Poems, The Importance of Being Earnest (farcical comedy), The Picture of Dorian Gray, other plays about upper-class society.
    • Nora Ephron: American journalist, novelist, playwright, screenwriter, producer, columnist, and director.
    • Known for romantic comedies like Sleepless in Seattle, When Harry Met Sally, You’ve Got Mail. Created plays, films, and directed films.

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    Description

    This quiz delves into various types of literary criticism, exploring methodologies such as sociological, reader-response, and gender criticism. Gain insights into how these approaches analyze literary works and their cultural contexts. Perfect for literature enthusiasts looking to deepen their understanding of critical theories.

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