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Questions and Answers
متى بدأت النقد الأدبي في اليونان القديمة؟
متى بدأت النقد الأدبي في اليونان القديمة؟
من هو الكاتب الذي كتب كوميديا 'الدبور' واستهزأ فيها بأيسخيلوس؟
من هو الكاتب الذي كتب كوميديا 'الدبور' واستهزأ فيها بأيسخيلوس؟
من أول من بدأ دراسات النقد الأدبي بعد الإسكندر الأكبر في العصور الهيلينية؟
من أول من بدأ دراسات النقد الأدبي بعد الإسكندر الأكبر في العصور الهيلينية؟
ما هو اسم المسرحية التي كتبها بلاتو واستهزأ فيها بشاعر المأساة إيوريبيديس؟
ما هو اسم المسرحية التي كتبها بلاتو واستهزأ فيها بشاعر المأساة إيوريبيديس؟
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في أي مدينة ركز أرستارخوس على نقد الشعر؟
في أي مدينة ركز أرستارخوس على نقد الشعر؟
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على من كان يتركز نقد أرستارخوس في عصوره؟
على من كان يتركز نقد أرستارخوس في عصوره؟
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من استفاد الروائيون الرومان من انتقادات Quintilian و Donatus؟
من استفاد الروائيون الرومان من انتقادات Quintilian و Donatus؟
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ما هو العمل الشهير للأدباء البابليين تحت التحليل المكثف والجدل بين العلماء؟
ما هو العمل الشهير للأدباء البابليين تحت التحليل المكثف والجدل بين العلماء؟
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في أي فترة زمنية يعود تاريخ النقد الأدبي الصيني؟
في أي فترة زمنية يعود تاريخ النقد الأدبي الصيني؟
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من أبرز المؤلفات التي شهدت اهتمامًا كبيرًا من قبل النقاد؟
من أبرز المؤلفات التي شهدت اهتمامًا كبيرًا من قبل النقاد؟
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من أي دولة ترجع تقارير نقادها إلى فترة الدول المتحاربة؟
من أي دولة ترجع تقارير نقادها إلى فترة الدول المتحاربة؟
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ما هو الجانب المشترك بين تقارير نقاد أدب بابل وأشور ونقاد أدب مصر؟
ما هو الجانب المشترك بين تقارير نقاد أدب بابل وأشور ونقاد أدب مصر؟
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Study Notes
Criticism in Ancient Issues - Literary Criticism in Ancient Civilizations
Literary criticism has been a significant part of human history, with roots dating back to ancient times when civilization was just beginning to flourish. In these early periods, literary critics used their knowledge and expertise to analyze and evaluate the works of various poets, playwrights, historians, and other notable figures, preserving their legacies for future generations. This article explores the practice of literary criticism in ancient civilizations, including Greece, Rome, Babylon, Persia, Egypt, China, India, Japan, and other cultures that contributed to the development of this important field.
Greece
In ancient Greece, literary criticism started from Homer's time around the 8th century BCE. Aristophanes, a well-known playwright and author of comedies, is known to have composed a comedy titled 'The Wasps' where he criticized Aeschylus, another prominent poet and playwright. Later, in Athens' Academy, Plato focused on literary criticism and ridiculed the poetry of his fellow tragedian Euripides. Eventually, in the Hellenistic period after Alexander the Great, the systematization of literary critical studies began with Aristarchus of Samos, who wrote commentaries on Homer and established the principle of textual editing.
Rome
Roman literature developed alongside Greek literature, with both genres often influencing each other. Roman authors like Virgil, Ovid, and others were subject to literary criticism by scholars such as Quintilian and Donatus. These critiques helped shape the understanding and interpretation of Roman literature throughout history.
Babylon and Assyria
Babylonian and Assyrian literature also received attention from literary critics. One famous work, the Epic of Gilgamesh, underwent extensive analysis and debate among scholars.
Persia
Persian literature, particularly its epic poems, garnered significant interest from literary critics. The Shahnameh, written by Ferdowsi, was analyzed by later commentators such as Jami and Saadi Shirazi.
Egypt
Egyptian literature, especially religious texts, was studied by scribes and priests who played a crucial role in interpreting and propagating the teachings of their gods.
China
Chinese literary criticism dates back to the Warring States Period (475–221 BCE) and includes the compilation of the Classic of Poetry and the Book of Documents. Confucius emphasized the importance of literature in morally instructing people. During subsequent dynasties, critics like Liu Xie and others continued to refine the art of criticism, leading to a more systematic approach.
India
Ancient Indian literature, which encompasses Vedas, Upanishads, epics, and Sanskrit drama, faced rigorous examination by numerous scholars across centuries.
Japan
Japanese literary criticism can be traced back to the 8th century when courtiers evaluated performances of Noh plays based on strict criteria. Over time, this evolved into a sophisticated tradition involving the study of techniques, styles, and themes.
Throughout history, literary criticism has served as an essential tool for analyzing and appreciating the works of past masters. It continues to be relevant today, providing insights into the creative processes behind timeless classics and helping us better understand the cultural contexts that shaped them.
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Description
Explore the practice of literary criticism in ancient civilizations such as Greece, Rome, Babylon, Persia, Egypt, China, India, and Japan. Learn about the prominent figures, works, and developments in literary criticism that have shaped the understanding and interpretation of literature throughout history.
