Lipoglycopeptides and Cyclic Lipopeptides Quiz
56 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the mechanism of action for lipoglycopeptides like Telavancin?

  • Inhibits monomer production
  • Inserts into the cell membrane
  • Disrupts ribosomal function
  • Binds to D-ala-D-ala and disrupts cell-membrane function (correct)

    • Which of the following statements about Daptomycin is correct?

  • Active against Gram-negative bacteria
  • Has good absorption in the lungs
  • Inhibits monomer production
  • Eliminated renally (correct)

    • What type of bacteria is Fosfomycin effective against?

  • Gram-negative organisms only
  • C. Difficile
  • Pseudomonas, staphylococci, and enterococci (correct)
  • Gram-positive organisms only

    • What is the significance of the long half-lives of Dalbavancin and Oritavancin?

    <p>Allows for less frequent dosing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common adverse effect of Polymyxins?

    <p>Elevated creatine kinase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antimicrobial agent is specifically inactive against Serratia and Providencia?

    <p>Colistin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the bactericidal activity of Cyclic Lipopeptides?

    <p>They kill bacteria by cation leak and depolarization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following antimicrobial agents has a mechanism that disrupts cell membrane function?

    <p>Oritavancin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic of Colistin's absorption is significant?

    <p>Poor bioavailability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic is shared by Dalbavancin and Oritavancin?

    <p>Long half-lives greater than 200 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following bacterial infections can be treated with Daptomycin?

    <p>Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a known side effect of Colistin?

    <p>Nephrotoxicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of Fosfomycin's absorption in the body?

    <p>Moderately bioavailable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antimicrobial agent is effective against multi-drug resistant strains of bacteria?

    <p>Colistin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about Daptomycin is true?

    <p>It causes elevation of creatine kinase.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main mechanism of action for the lipoglycopeptides?

    <p>Binds to peptidoglycan and disrupts cell membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antimicrobial agent is characterized by its ability to be administered through inhalation, IV, or topically?

    <p>Colistin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does Daptomycin have on Gram-positive organisms when it inserts into their cell membranes?

    <p>Leads to cation leak and cell death</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a shared characteristic of both Polymyxins and Daptomycin?

    <p>Bactericidal action</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antimicrobial agent exhibits poor absorption and is ineffective in the lungs?

    <p>Daptomycin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mechanism does Fosfomycin utilize to exert its antibacterial effects?

    <p>Inhibits monomer production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant adverse effect associated with the use of Colistin?

    <p>Neurotoxicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antimicrobial agent has a half-life exceeding 200 hours?

    <p>Dalbavancin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is true regarding the spectrum of activity of lipoglycopeptides?

    <p>Effective against MRSA and VRE</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antimicrobial agent is effective against Vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE)?

    <p>Oritavancin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic distinguishes Daptomycin from other antimicrobial agents?

    <p>It does not work effectively in the lungs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the spectrum of activity for Polymyxins?

    <p>Specifically targeting multidrug-resistant Gram-negative strains.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an adverse effect commonly associated with the use of Colistin?

    <p>Kidney damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which description accurately reflects the absorption characteristics of Fosfomycin?

    <p>Moderately bioavailable with limited absorption.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mechanism does Telavancin utilize to exert its antibacterial effects?

    <p>Disrupts cell membrane function.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What unique property do Dalbavancin and Oritavancin exhibit?

    <p>Both have half-lives exceeding 200 hours.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements regarding Daptomycin's mechanism of action is correct?

    <p>It inserts into the cell membrane and causes depolarization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature of Daptomycin's clinical activity?

    <p>Has poor absorption and is ineffective in the lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antimicrobial agent is primarily used against multi-drug resistant strains of bacteria?

    <p>Colistin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What adverse effect is commonly associated with the use of Polymyxins?

    <p>Neurotoxicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes Fosfomycin's mechanism of action?

    <p>Disrupts cell wall synthesis by inhibiting monomer production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Oritavancin differ from Dalbavancin?

    <p>Both have a greater than 200-hour half-life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of organisms is Daptomycin specifically effective against?

    <p>Gram-positive aerobes and anaerobes, including MRSA and VRE</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these statements is true regarding the activity of Telavancin?

    <p>It disrupts cell membrane function in bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary route of elimination for Daptomycin?

    <p>Renal elimination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic feature of the spectrum of activity for both Daptomycin and Fosfomycin?

    <p>Active against MRSA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following mechanisms does Colistin use to exert its antibacterial effects?

    <p>Disrupts cell membrane permeability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which adverse effect is commonly associated with Daptomycin?

    <p>Creatine kinase elevation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the mechanism of action for lipoglycopeptides like Telavancin primarily function?

    <p>Disrupts bacterial cell wall synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a unique characteristic of Oritavancin compared to other lipoglycopeptides?

    <p>Active against Vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes Daptomycin's effectiveness?

    <p>Inactive in the lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug exhibits poor bioavailability and requires unique administration routes?

    <p>Colistin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the action of Fosfomycin from that of other mentioned antimicrobial agents?

    <p>Inhibits monomer production as its mechanism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements correctly describes Daptomycin's activity in the body?

    <p>It is poorly absorbed and primarily eliminated renally.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common adverse effect associated with the use of Polymyxins?

    <p>Nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mechanism of action do lipoglycopeptides like Telavancin employ?

    <p>Binding to the D-ala-D-ala portion of peptidoglycan.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the spectrum of activity of Fosfomycin differ from that of Daptomycin?

    <p>Fosfomycin is effective against Gram-negative bacteria while Daptomycin is not.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature is significant about the administration of Colistin?

    <p>It is typically administered via inhalation, IV, or topically.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions is true regarding Daptomycin's effectiveness?

    <p>It has shown effectiveness against C. Difficile.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the absorption of Polymyxins in the body?

    <p>It is poorly absorbed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the half-life of Dalbavancin and Oritavancin?

    <p>They have half-lives greater than 200 hours.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Lipoglycopeptides

    • Telavancin, Oritavancin, and Dalbavancin are all lipoglycopeptides.
    • Telavancin is used to treat skin infections and pneumonia caused by Gram-positive bacteria.
    • Oritavancin and Dalbavancin are used to treat skin infections.
    • Oritavancin and Dalbavancin have a long half-life, lasting over 200 hours.
    • Lipoglycopeptides act in two ways: binding to peptidoglycan and disrupting cell membranes.
    • They are effective against a range of Gram-positive bacteria including MRSA, MSSA, streptococci, and vancomycin-susceptible enterococci.
    • Oritavancin is active against VRE.

    Cyclic Lipopeptide

    • Daptomycin is a cyclic lipopeptide.
    • It inserts into the cell membrane of Gram-positive bacteria, causing cation leak, depolarization, and cell death.
    • Daptomycin is bactericidal, meaning it kills bacteria.
    • It is poorly absorbed and inactive in the lungs.
    • It is excreted through the kidneys.
    • Daptomycin is effective against both aerobic and anaerobic Gram-positive bacteria, including MRSA and VRE.
    • It is also active against C. difficile but has no effect on Gram-negative bacteria.
    • A potential adverse effect of daptomycin is creatine kinase elevation.

    Fosfomycin

    • Fosfomycin is an antimicrobial agent that works by inhibiting monomer production.
    • It is bactericidal.
    • It is eliminated through the kidneys and has moderate bioavailability.
    • Fosfomycin is active against Pseudomonas, staphylococci, and enterococci.

    Polymyxins

    • Colistin is a polymyxin excreted through the kidneys.
    • It binds to the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, disrupting permeability.
    • Colistin has poor bioavailability and is administered by inhalation, intravenously, or topically.
    • It is effective against Gram-negative bacteria, including multidrug-resistant strains of Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, and Klebsiella.
    • Colistin is ineffective against Serratia and Providencia.
    • It is rapidly bactericidal.
    • Colistin can cause nephrotoxicity (kidney damage) and neurotoxicity (nervous system damage).

    Lipoglycopeptides

    • Telavancin, Oritavancin, and Dalbavancin are lipoglycopeptides used for treating skin and skin structure infections, and pneumonia caused by gram-positive bacteria.
    • All three have long half-lives greater than 200 hours
    • They bind to the terminal D-ala-D-ala portion of peptidoglycan, a key component of bacterial cell walls.
    • They also disrupt cell-membrane function, further impairing bacterial survival.
    • Effective against MRSA, MSSA, streptococci, and vancomycin-susceptible enterococci.
    • Oritavancin is active against Vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE)

    Cyclic Lipopeptide

    • Daptomycin is a cyclic lipopeptide used primarily for treating Gram-positive bacterial infections.
    • It inserts into the cell membrane of Gram-positive bacteria causing cation leak, depolarization, and cell death.
    • It is bactericidal, meaning it directly kills the bacteria.
    • It is poorly absorbed by the body and not effective in the lungs.
    • It is primarily eliminated through the kidneys.
    • Active against Gram-positive aerobes, anaerobes, including MRSA and VRE.
    • Effective against C.Difficile.
    • Ineffective against Gram-negative bacteria.
    • A potential side effect is creatine kinase elevation.

    Fosfomycin

    • Fosfomycin inhibits the production of bacterial cell wall monomers, effectively disrupting cell wall synthesis.
    • It is bactericidal, directly killing bacteria.
    • It is eliminated from the body through the kidneys.
    • It has moderate bioavailability, meaning it is absorbed into the bloodstream to some extent but not completely.
    • Effective against Pseudomonas, staphylococci, and enterococci.

    Polymyxins

    • Colistin is a polymyxin used for treating severe infections caused by multi-drug resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria.
    • It disrupts the permeability of the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, leading to their death.
    • It is poorly absorbed by the body and is usually administered by inhalation, intravenous injection, or topically.
    • It is effective against MDR strains of Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, and Klebsiella.
    • It is not effective against Serratia, Providencia.
    • It is rapidly bactericidal.
    • It can cause nephrotoxicity (kidney damage) and neurotoxicity (nervous system damage).

    Lipoglycopeptides

    • Telavancin, Oritavancin, Dalbavancin: Effective against MRSA, MSSA, streptococci, and enterococci (vancomycin-susceptible).
    • Mechanism of Action: Two mechanisms: binding to the terminal D-ala-D-ala portion of peptidoglycan and disrupting cell-membrane function.
    • Oritavancin: Active against Vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE).
    • Long Half-Life: Oritavancin and Dalbavancin have half-lives exceeding 200 hours.

    Cyclic Lipopeptide

    • Daptomycin: Effective against Gram-positive aerobes and anaerobes, including MRSA and VRE.
    • Mechanism of Action: Inserts into the cell membrane of Gram-positive organisms, leading to cation leak, depolarization, and cell, death.
    • Bactericidal: Kills bacteria.
    • Poorly Absorbed: Has limited absorption in the body.
    • Inactive In Lung: Ineffective in the lungs.
    • Excreted Renally: Eliminated from the body through the kidneys.
    • Active Against C.Difficile: Effective against C. Difficile.
    • No Gram-Negative Activity: Ineffective against Gram-negative bacteria.
    • Adverse Effects: Creatine kinase elevation.

    Fosfomycin

    • Mechanism of Action: Inhibits monomer production.
    • Bactericidal: Kills bacteria.
    • Renally Eliminated: Removed from the body through the kidneys.
    • Moderately Bioavailable: Moderately absorbed by the body.
    • Spectrum: Active against Pseudomonas, staphylococci, and enterococci.

    Polymyxins

    • Colistin: Excreted Renally.
    • Mechanism of Action: Binds to the cell membrane of Gram-negative organisms, disrupting permeability.
    • Poor Bioavailability: Not easily absorbed by the body.
    • Administration: Given by inhalation, IV, or topically.
    • Spectrum: Effective against Gram-negative organisms including MDR (multi-drug resistant) strains of Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, and Klebsiella.
    • Inactive Against: Serratia, Providencia.
    • Rapidly Bactericidal: Kills bacteria quickly.
    • Adverse Effects: Nephrotoxicity (kidney damage) and neurotoxicity (nervous system damage).

    Lipoglycopeptides

    • Telavancin, Oritavancin, and Dalbavancin are lipoglycopeptides with long half-lives, greater than 200 hours.
    • They disrupt cell membrane function and bind to the terminal D-ala-D-ala portion of peptidoglycan.
    • Effective against MRSA, MSSA, streptococci, and vancomycin-susceptible enterococci.
    • Oritavancin is active against VRE.

    Cyclic Lipopeptide

    • Daptomycin is a cyclic lipopeptide that inserts into the cell membrane of Gram-positive organisms, leading to cation leak, depolarization, and cell death.
    • Bactericidal, poorly absorbed, inactive in the lung, excreted renally.
    • Attacks Gram-positive aerobes, anaerobes including MRSA and VRE.
    • Active against C. Difficile but has no gram-negative activity.
    • Can cause creatine kinase elevation.

    Fosfomycin

    • Inhibits monomer production, bactericidal, renally eliminated, moderately bioavailable.
    • Effective against Pseudomonas, staphylococci, and enterococci.

    Polymyxins

    • Colistin is a polymyxin that binds to the cell membrane of Gram-negative organisms, disrupting permeability.
    • Poor bioavailability administered by inhalation, IV, or topically.
    • Effective against Gram-negative organisms including MDR strains such as Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, and Klebsiella, but inactive against Serratia, Providencia.
    • Rapidly bactericidal, but can cause Nephrotoxicity (kidney damage) and neurotoxicity (nervous system damage).

    Lipoglycopeptides

    • Telavancin, Oritavancin, and Dalbavancin are lipoglycopeptides effective against MRSA, MSSA, Streptococci, and Enterococci (vancomycin-susceptible).
    • They have long half-lives, with Oritavancin and Dalbavancin exceeding 200 hours.
    • Their mechanism of action involves binding to the terminal D-ala-D-ala portion of peptidoglycan and disrupting cell membrane function.
    • Oritavancin shows activity against Vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE).

    Cyclic Lipopeptide

    • Daptomycin is a cyclic lipopeptide with bactericidal activity against Gram-positive aerobes, anaerobes, including MRSA and VRE.
    • It inserts into the cell membrane, leading to cation leak, depolarization, and cell death.
    • Daptomycin is poorly absorbed, inactive in the lung, and excreted renally.
    • It is effective against C. Difficile but lacks activity against Gram-negative bacteria.
    • A potential adverse effect is creatine kinase elevation.

    Fosfomycin

    • Fosfomycin is a bactericidal agent that inhibits monomer production.
    • It is moderately bioavailable and eliminated through the kidneys.
    • Fosfomycin demonstrates activity against Pseudomonas, Staphylococci, and Enterococci.

    Polymyxins

    • Colistin is a polymyxin that disrupts the permeability of Gram-negative cell membranes.
    • It is poorly bioavailable and administered through inhalation, IV, or topically.
    • Colistin is effective against multi-drug resistant (MDR) strains of Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, and Klebsiella, but not Serratia or Providencia.
    • It is rapidly bactericidal, but can lead to nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity.

    Lipoglycopeptides

    • Telavancin, Oritavancin, Dalbavancin: Lipoglycopeptides used for skin infections, pneumonia (telavancin only) caused by Gram-positive bacteria.
    • Mechanism of Action: Bind to peptidoglycan, disrupting cell membrane.
    • Spectrum: Effective against MRSA, MSSA, streptococci, and vancomycin-susceptible enterococci.
    • Oritavancin: Active against vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE).
    • Oritavancin and Dalbavancin: Have extended half-lives exceeding 200 hours.

    Cyclic Lipopeptide

    • Daptomycin: A cyclic lipopeptide used to treat infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria.
    • Mechanism of Action: Inserts into the cell membrane, causing ion leakage, depolarization, and cell death.
    • Bactericidal: Kills bacteria.
    • Limited absorption: Poorly absorbed in the body, less effective in the lungs.
    • Renal excretion: Eliminated through the kidneys.
    • Active against: Gram-positive aerobes, anaerobes, including MRSA and VRE.
    • C. Difficile treatment: Effective against C. Difficile infections.
    • No gram-negative activity: Ineffective against Gram-negative bacteria.
    • Adverse effect: May increase creatine kinase levels.

    Fosfomycin

    • Mechanism of action: Inhibits monomer production, preventing bacterial cell wall synthesis.
    • Bactericidal: Kills bacteria.
    • Renal elimination: Removed from the body through the kidneys.
    • Moderate bioavailability: Moderately absorbed into the body.
    • Effective against: Pseudomonas, staphylococci, and enterococci.

    Polymyxins

    • Colistin: A polymyxin used to treat infections caused by multi-drug resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria.
    • Mechanism of Action: Binds to the cell membrane, disrupting permeability and leading to cell death.
    • Poor bioavailability: Not easily absorbed into the body.
    • Administration: Given by inhalation, IV, or topically.
    • Spectrum: Effective against MDR strains of Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, and Klebsiella.
    • Ineffective against: Serratia, Providencia.
    • Rapidly bactericidal: Kills bacteria quickly.
    • Adverse effects: Nephrotoxicity (kidney damage) and neurotoxicity (nervous system damage).

    Lipoglycopeptides

    • Telavancin, Oritavancin, and Dalbavancin are all lipoglycopeptides with similar uses.
    • Mechanism of Action: Bind to the cell wall of bacteria causing cell membrane disruption.
    • Spectrum: Effective against MRSA, MSSA, streptococci, and enterococcus (vancomycin-susceptible).
    • Oritavancin is effective against VRE
    • Oritavancin and Dalbavancin have half-lives greater than 200 hours.

    Cyclic Lipopeptide

    • Daptomycin
      • Mechanism of Action: Inserts into the cell membrane of Gram-positive organisms, leading to cell death.
      • Bactericidal: Kills bacteria.
      • Poorly absorbed: Has limited absorption in the body.
      • Not active in lungs.
      • Excreted renally: Eliminated from the body through the kidneys.
      • Active against: Gram-positive aerobes, anaerobes including MRSA and VRE.
      • Active against C.Difficile.
      • No gram-negative activity.
      • Adverse effect: Creatine kinase elevation.

    Fosfomycin

    • Mechanism of action: Prevents monomer production to disrupt cell wall synthesis.
    • Bactericidal: Kills bacteria.
    • Renally eliminated: Removed from the body through the kidneys.
    • Moderately bioavailable: Moderately absorbed by the body.
    • Active against: Pseudomonas, staphylococci, and enterococci.

    Polymyxins

    • Colistin:
      • Mechanism of Action: Binds to the cell membrane of Gram-negative organisms, disrupting permeability.
      • Poor bioavailability: Not easily absorbed by the body.
      • Administration: Given by inhalation, IV, or topically.
      • Spectrum: Effective against Gram-negative organisms including multi-drug resistant (MDR) strains of Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, and Klebsiella.
      • Inactive against: Serratia, Providencia.
      • Rapidly bactericidal: Kills bacteria quickly.
      • Adverse effects: Nephrotoxicity (kidney damage) and neurotoxicity (nervous system damage).

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Description

    Test your knowledge on lipoglycopeptides and cyclic lipopeptides, including their mechanisms of action, uses, and effectiveness against various Gram-positive bacteria. This quiz covers key antibiotics like telavancin, oritavancin, dalbavancin, and daptomycin. Challenge your understanding of these important pharmacological agents.

    More Like This

    Multiple Choice Hard II
    20 questions

    Multiple Choice Hard II

    ExceptionalRhodochrosite avatar
    ExceptionalRhodochrosite
    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser