Lipids Flashcards
29 Questions
100 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What elements always compose lipids?

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and sometimes Phosphorus.

What are the four types of lipids?

Triglycerides, phospholipids, waxes, and steroids.

Which lipid is generally referred to as fat?

Triglycerides

How would you differentiate a carbohydrate from a triglyceride based on its structure?

<p>Carbohydrates have a 1:2:1 ratio and have fewer oxygens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the basic structural characteristics of all fatty acids?

<p>Long chains of carbon with a small amount of oxygen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does an acid group look like?

<p>C-C-C-C etc.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is it possible that there are different fatty acids?

<p>They have different bonds and may have no bonds, single bonds, or double bonds with carbons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the basic structure of a triglyceride?

<p>Glycerol and three fatty acid chains.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are two major classifications of fats?

<p>Saturated and unsaturated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many double bonds between carbons do saturated fats have?

<p>0 double bonds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many double bonds between carbons do unsaturated fats have?

<p>1 double bond.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Unsaturated fats can be either _____ or _____ -unsaturated.

<p>poly or mono</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a fat is saturated, it has no double bonds. What element are the carbon's other bonds with?

<p>Hydrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

If there is a double bond between carbons, there are fewer bonds between carbon and hydrogen.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does being either saturated or unsaturated affect the physical structure of a fat?

<p>Saturated fats are solid, while unsaturated fats are liquid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the process that adds hydrogens to an unsaturated fat?

<p>Hydrogenation</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the physical state of a lipid once it is hydrogenated?

<p>It becomes a solid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of a triglyceride in your body?

<p>Long term energy storage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of a phospholipid in your body?

<p>Phospholipids are a major component of the cell membrane.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the functions of cholesterol?

<p>Producing hormones, Vitamin D, regulating body functions, and adding structure to the cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the functions of wax?

<p>Protection to the body, insulates plant leaves and keeps them from dying out.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the process that adds a double bond to a saturated fat?

<p>Dehydrogenation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the physical state of a lipid once it is dehydrogenated?

<p>It becomes a solid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are fats found in your kitchen that have saturated fatty acid chains?

<p>Butter, bacon.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are fats found in your kitchen that have poly/unsaturated fatty acid chains?

<p>Corn oil, olive oil.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The hydrolysis of fat produces what?

<p>Three fatty acids and a glycerol backbone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key chemical difference between a phospholipid and a triglyceride?

<p>A phospholipid has phosphorus and a triglyceride doesn't.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a saturated lipid?

<p>No double bonds between carbons; solid at room temperature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an unsaturated lipid?

<p>One carbon-carbon double bond; liquid at room temperature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Lipids Overview

  • Lipids consist of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen (CHOP), with Phosphorus sometimes included.
  • Four main types of lipids: triglycerides, phospholipids, waxes, and steroids.

Triglycerides

  • Commonly referred to as fats.
  • Composed of glycerol and three fatty acid chains.
  • Used for long-term energy storage in the body.

Fatty Acids

  • Basic structure includes long carbon chains with an acid group.
  • Differentiated by the types of bonds (single, double) between carbon atoms.
  • Saturated fats have no double bonds (0); unsaturated fats have at least one double bond (1+).
  • Unsaturated fats can be classified as mono-unsaturated (one double bond) or polyunsaturated (multiple double bonds).

Saturated vs. Unsaturated Fats

  • Saturated fats are solid at room temperature, while unsaturated fats are typically liquid.
  • Double bonds in unsaturated fats create kinks in the fatty acid chains, preventing tight packing.
  • Hydrogenation adds hydrogen to unsaturated fats, converting them to solid forms.
  • Dehydrogenation adds double bonds to saturated fats, potentially making them liquid.

Phospholipids

  • Major component of cell membranes.
  • Distinct from triglycerides by the presence of phosphorus.

Cholesterol

  • Functions include hormone production, Vitamin D synthesis, regulation of body functions, and structural support for cells.

Waxes

  • Provide protection for the body and insulate plant leaves, preventing desiccation.

Kitchen Fats

  • Common saturated fats include butter and bacon, which contain saturated fatty acid chains.
  • Common polyunsaturated fats include corn oil and olive oil.

Hydrolysis of Fats

  • The process produces three fatty acids and a glycerol backbone.

Chemical Properties

  • Saturated lipids are generally solid at room temperature and contain no double bonds between carbon atoms, making them less healthy.
  • Unsaturated lipids contain at least one carbon-carbon double bond and are often liquids.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Description

Test your knowledge on lipids with these flashcards! Learn about the composition of lipids, their types, and key characteristics. Perfect for students studying biology and biochemistry.

More Like This

Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser