Lipids and Their Functions
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Questions and Answers

What are lipids primarily used for in living organisms?

Long-term energy storage

Which of the following are categories of lipids? (Select all that apply)

  • Carbohydrates
  • Steroids (correct)
  • Triglycerides (correct)
  • Waxes (correct)
  • Phospholipids (correct)

Lipids are hydrophilic and mix well with water.

False (B)

Triglycerides are made up of ______ and fatty acids.

<p>glycerol</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical process called that links glycerol with fatty acids to form triglycerides?

<p>Dehydration synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the fatty acid molecule is hydrophilic?

<p>Carboxyl group (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which fatty acid type contains only single bonds?

<p>Saturated (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In saturated fatty acids, the hydrocarbon chain is ______.

<p>straight</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines an unsaturated fatty acid?

<p>Presence of one or more double bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Lipid's main function

Long-term energy storage in organisms

Lipid categories

One category of lipids is steroids

Lipid water solubility

Lipids are hydrophobic; they do NOT mix with water.

Triglyceride components

A triglyceride is made of glycerol and fatty acids

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Triglyceride formation

Linking glycerol and fatty acids forms triglycerides via dehydration synthesis

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Hydrophilic part of fatty acid

The carboxyl group is the hydrophilic part

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Saturated fatty acid structure

Only single bonds in the hydrocarbon chain resulting in a straight structure

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Unsaturated fatty acid

Presence of one or more double bonds in hydrocarbon chain

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Saturated hydrocarbon chain shape

Straight

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Study Notes

Lipids

  • Biomolecules with primary function of long-term energy storage
  • Primarily hydrophobic
  • Made up of mostly carbon-hydrogen bonds (hydrocarbons)

Types of Lipids

  • Triglycerides
  • Phospholipids
  • Steroids
  • Waxes

Triglycerides

  • Include fats and oils
  • Fats are solid at room temperature and used by animals for long-term energy storage
  • Oils are liquid at room temperature and used by plants for long-term energy storage
  • Composed of glycerol and fatty acids

Glycerol

  • Three-carbon chain
  • Each carbon atom has a hydroxyl (-OH) group attached

Fatty Acids

  • Three separate chains chemically bonded to glycerol
  • Contain a carboxyl group at the polar end and a hydrocarbon chain at the nonpolar tail
  • Amphipathic due to the hydrophilic carboxyl group and hydrophobic hydrocarbon tail

Saturated Fatty Acids

  • Only single bonds
  • Straight hydrocarbon tail

Unsaturated Fatty Acids

  • Carbon-carbon double bonds in the chain
  • Usually have a cis configuration at the double bond
  • Cis configuration puts a kink in the hydrocarbon tail
  • Trans configuration creates a straight hydrocarbon tail, similar to saturated fatty acids

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Description

Explore the fascinating world of lipids, essential biomolecules primarily known for their role in long-term energy storage. This quiz covers various types of lipids, including triglycerides, phospholipids, and fatty acids, along with their structural features and functions. Test your knowledge on saturated and unsaturated fatty acids and their implications in biological systems.

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