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Questions and Answers
What is the recommended fasting period before venipuncture for measuring Total Cholesterol (TC) and High-Density Lipoproteins (HDL-C) levels?
Which lipoproteins can be measured in non-fasting individuals?
What percentage decrease in Triglycerides (TAG) is observed from upright to supine position?
What causes hemoconcentration, as mentioned in the text?
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According to the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP), how long should patients be seated prior to venipuncture?
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What is the recommended fasting period before venipuncture for measuring Triglycerides (TAG) and Low-Density Lipoproteins (LDL-C) levels?
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What effect does estrogen have on lipoproteins?
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Which lipoproteins can be measured in non-fasting individuals?
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What effect do postural changes have on Triglycerides (TAG)?
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What should not be applied for longer than a minute or two, if possible, according to the text?
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Study Notes
Lipids and Lipoproteins
- Lipids and lipoproteins are important indicators of coronary heart disease (CHD) risk.
- The lipid profile recommended for initial screening in adults (age 20 or older) includes:
- Total Cholesterol (TC)
- Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL)
- High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL)
- Triglycerides (TAG)
- Testing should be repeated at least once every 5 years.
Major Forms of Lipids
- Triglycerides: main storage form of lipid in humans.
- Cholesterol: part of the cell membrane; parent chain for cholesterol-based hormones (e.g. aldosterone, cortisol, sex hormones).
- Phospholipids: most abundant lipid in humans.
- Fatty Acids: building blocks of lipids.
- Fat Soluble Vitamins: A, D, E, and K.
Blood Sampling and Storage
- Individuals should be on their usual diet for 2 weeks and be neither gaining nor losing weight prior to cholesterol measurement.
- Effects of dietary modification take several weeks to become apparent.
- Certain drugs, such as oral contraceptives, postmenopausal estrogens, and some antihypertensive drugs, significantly alter lipid levels.
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Description
Test your knowledge about lipids and lipoproteins as important indicators of coronary heart disease (CHD) risk. Understand the lipid profile recommended for initial screening in adults and the major forms of lipids and lipoproteins.
