16 Questions
What is the energy difference between lipids and carbohydrates/proteins?
Two and a half times more energy than carbohydrates and proteins
What are lipids characterized by?
Greasy feel, insolubility in water, and solubility in some organic solvent
At what temperature are fats solid?
20°C
What are simple lipids made up of?
Three fatty acids attached to glycerol
Give an example of compound lipids.
Phospholipids, glycolipids, and lipoprotein
What are sterols made up of?
Benzene ring structure, not fatty acids and glycerol
What is the composition of fats?
Fats are composed of fatty acids and glycerol.
How are fatty acids structured?
A fatty acid is made up of a chain of carbon atoms, with a methyl group at one end and an acid group at the other.
What is the recommended fat intake for a 2000 Cal diet?
55g-65g
What are the consequences of excessive fat intake?
Excess calorie intake, weight gain, increased risk of diabetes, heart disease, high blood pressure, and some forms of cancer.
What is the energy yield per gram of fat?
9 cal
What is the energy yield per gram of carbohydrate or protein?
4 cal
What is the function of fat in the body?
Absorb and transport fat-soluble vitamins, provide essential fatty acids, protect important organs, regulate body temperature, and support various bodily functions.
What are the two types of fatty acids based on their saturation?
Saturated fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids.
Where are saturated fatty acids found?
Saturated fatty acids are found mainly in animal fats and some plant oils, such as coconut and palm oils.
What is the structure of a triglyceride?
Three fatty acids combine with one molecule of glycerol to form a triglyceride.
Study Notes
Lipids
- Lipids have a higher energy density compared to carbohydrates and proteins.
Characteristics of Lipids
- Lipids are characterized by being insoluble in water and soluble in organic solvents.
Physical Properties of Fats
- Fats are solid at room temperature (normally below 20°C).
Simple Lipids
- Simple lipids are composed of glycerol and fatty acids.
- Example: Triglycerides (triacylglycerols).
Compound Lipids
- Example: Phospholipids.
- Phospholipids are composed of glycerol, fatty acids, and a phosphate group.
Sterols
- Sterols are composed of a steroid nucleus with one or more hydroxyl groups.
- Example: Cholesterol.
Composition of Fats
- Fats are composed of glycerol and three fatty acids.
Structure of Fatty Acids
- Fatty acids have a hydrocarbon chain with a carboxyl group at one end.
Recommended Fat Intake
- The recommended fat intake for a 2000 Cal diet is 65-70 grams per day.
Consequences of Excessive Fat Intake
- Excessive fat intake leads to obesity, cardiovascular disease, and other health problems.
Energy Yield of Macronutrients
- The energy yield per gram of fat is 9 kcal (38 kJ).
- The energy yield per gram of carbohydrate or protein is 4 kcal (17 kJ).
Function of Fat in the Body
- Fat serves as energy storage, insulation, and hormone regulation.
Types of Fatty Acids
- There are two types of fatty acids: saturated and unsaturated fatty acids.
- Saturated fatty acids are typically found in animal products and some plant-based sources.
Structure of Triglycerides
- Triglycerides consist of glycerol and three fatty acids, forming an ester bond.
Test your knowledge on lipids, fats, and oils with this quiz. Learn about the characteristics, composition, and energy-providing properties of lipids, and understand the classification of different types of lipids.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
