Lipids and Cell Membranes

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What are the three main reasons why living organisms require food?

Living organisms require food for energy, to provide building materials for growth and repair of cells, and to control chemical reactions in cells.

What is the recommended ratio of carbohydrates, protein, and fat in a balanced diet?

A balanced diet should contain 2/3 carbohydrates, 1/6 protein, and 1/6 fat.

How much energy is equivalent to 1 kcal?

1 kcal is equivalent to 4.2 kJ.

How much energy is required to raise the temperature of 1kg of water by 1oC?

1 kJ is the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1kg of water by 1oC. Signup and view all the answers

What is the energy value of 1g of carbohydrate, protein, fat, and alcohol?

1g carbohydrate = 16 kJ, 1g protein = 17 kJ, 1g fat = 38 kJ, 1g alcohol = 29 kJ. Signup and view all the answers

What are some examples of micronutrients?

Sodium (Na), Magnesium (Mg), Chlorine (Cl), Potassium (K), and Calcium (Ca) Signup and view all the answers

What are the main three trace elements?

Iron (Fe), Copper (Cu), and Zinc (Zn) Signup and view all the answers

What are the four types of biomolecules in food?

Proteins, Carbohydrates, Lipids, and Vitamins Signup and view all the answers

What are the three groups that carbohydrates are divided into based on the number of sugar units in each molecule?

Monosaccharides, Disaccharides, and Polysaccharides Signup and view all the answers

What are two main components of dietary fiber?

Soluble fiber and Insoluble fiber Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of catabolism?

A B + C + D Signup and view all the answers

What is X and Y in the reaction Fat + Y = Fatty Acids?

X = Lipase, Y = Glycerol Signup and view all the answers

How does a phospholipid differ from a fat?

Phospholipid: Two fatty acids and a phosphate group, Fat: Three fatty acids Signup and view all the answers

Name a fat-soluble vitamin.

A, D, E, or K Signup and view all the answers

What is a disorder due to a dietary deficiency of Vitamin A?

Night Blindness Signup and view all the answers

What is the main structural role of fats?

The main structural role of fats is in the formation of the membranes of cells and cell organelles. Signup and view all the answers

What are phospholipids?

Phospholipids are molecules that are slightly different from fats and oils, as one of the fatty acids has been replaced by a phosphate group. They have a soluble phosphate end and a soluble fatty acid end. Signup and view all the answers

What role do lipids play in the body?

Lipids play a role in the protection of delicate organs such as the kidneys and in heat insulation. Signup and view all the answers

What is the basic unit of proteins?

The basic unit of proteins is the amino acid. Signup and view all the answers

What are the two categories of proteins based on their functions?

The two categories of proteins based on their functions are structural proteins and physiological proteins. Signup and view all the answers

Name one water-soluble vitamin and its function.

Vitamin C - Formation of skin and blood vessels Signup and view all the answers

Name one fat-soluble vitamin and its function.

Vitamin D - Absorption of calcium in the gut Signup and view all the answers

What is the deficiency disease caused by a lack of vitamin A?

Night blindness Signup and view all the answers

What is the deficiency disease caused by a lack of vitamin B?

Beriberi (swollen stomach) and pellagra (photosensitivity) Signup and view all the answers

What is the deficiency disease caused by a lack of vitamin C?

Scurvy (bleeding gums and hair loss) Signup and view all the answers

What is the deficiency disease caused by a lack of vitamin D?

Rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults Signup and view all the answers