26 Questions
What are the three main reasons why living organisms require food?
Living organisms require food for energy, to provide building materials for growth and repair of cells, and to control chemical reactions in cells.
What is the recommended ratio of carbohydrates, protein, and fat in a balanced diet?
A balanced diet should contain 2/3 carbohydrates, 1/6 protein, and 1/6 fat.
How much energy is equivalent to 1 kcal?
1 kcal is equivalent to 4.2 kJ.
How much energy is required to raise the temperature of 1kg of water by 1oC?
1 kJ is the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1kg of water by 1oC.
What is the energy value of 1g of carbohydrate, protein, fat, and alcohol?
1g carbohydrate = 16 kJ, 1g protein = 17 kJ, 1g fat = 38 kJ, 1g alcohol = 29 kJ.
What are some examples of micronutrients?
Sodium (Na), Magnesium (Mg), Chlorine (Cl), Potassium (K), and Calcium (Ca)
What are the main three trace elements?
Iron (Fe), Copper (Cu), and Zinc (Zn)
What are the four types of biomolecules in food?
Proteins, Carbohydrates, Lipids, and Vitamins
What are the three groups that carbohydrates are divided into based on the number of sugar units in each molecule?
Monosaccharides, Disaccharides, and Polysaccharides
What are two main components of dietary fiber?
Soluble fiber and Insoluble fiber
What is an example of catabolism?
A B + C + D
What is X and Y in the reaction Fat + Y = Fatty Acids?
X = Lipase, Y = Glycerol
How does a phospholipid differ from a fat?
Phospholipid: Two fatty acids and a phosphate group, Fat: Three fatty acids
Name a fat-soluble vitamin.
A, D, E, or K
What is a disorder due to a dietary deficiency of Vitamin A?
Night Blindness
What is the main structural role of fats?
The main structural role of fats is in the formation of the membranes of cells and cell organelles.
What are phospholipids?
Phospholipids are molecules that are slightly different from fats and oils, as one of the fatty acids has been replaced by a phosphate group. They have a soluble phosphate end and a soluble fatty acid end.
What role do lipids play in the body?
Lipids play a role in the protection of delicate organs such as the kidneys and in heat insulation.
What is the basic unit of proteins?
The basic unit of proteins is the amino acid.
What are the two categories of proteins based on their functions?
The two categories of proteins based on their functions are structural proteins and physiological proteins.
Name one water-soluble vitamin and its function.
Vitamin C - Formation of skin and blood vessels
Name one fat-soluble vitamin and its function.
Vitamin D - Absorption of calcium in the gut
What is the deficiency disease caused by a lack of vitamin A?
Night blindness
What is the deficiency disease caused by a lack of vitamin B?
Beriberi (swollen stomach) and pellagra (photosensitivity)
What is the deficiency disease caused by a lack of vitamin C?
Scurvy (bleeding gums and hair loss)
What is the deficiency disease caused by a lack of vitamin D?
Rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults
Test your knowledge on lipids and their main structural role in cell membranes. Learn about phospholipids and their unique properties.
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