30 Questions
What is the characteristic of amphipathic molecules?
With hydrophobic tails attached to polar or charged head groups
What is the structural component of sphingolipids?
Sphingosine and fatty acid palmitate
What is the function of ubiquinone in the mitochondrial membrane?
It functions in conjunction with enzymes in cellular respiration
What is the main source of vitamin A?
Plant pigments such as b-carotene
What is the result of vitamin D stimulation in the intestine?
Stimulation of calcium absorption in the intestine
What is the common characteristic of vitamins A, D, E, and K?
They are all isoprenoids that perform a variety of physiological roles
What is the primary function of Vitamin E in the body?
Suppressing free radical formation
What is the primary function of Vitamin K in the body?
Participating in the enzymatic carboxylation of Glu residues
What is the function of waxes produced by plants?
Preventing water loss
Which of the following lipids is known for its 'hot' taste?
Capsaicin
Which of the following lipids is used therapeutically as a pain reliever?
Capsaicin
What is the common characteristic of Vitamins A, D, E, and K?
They are all isoprenoids
What is the main reason for the maintenance of lipid asymmetry in membranes?
Slow rate of diffusion between leaflets
What is the characteristic of amino acids found in a transmembrane helix?
Highly hydrophobic
What is the term for the movement of lipids within one leaflet?
Lateral diffusion
What is the function of translocases or flippases?
To move lipids between leaflets
What is the characteristic of longer acyl chains in lipids?
Less mobile
What is the characteristic of saturated acyl chains in lipids?
Less mobile
What is the function of bacteriorhodopsin in Halobacteria?
To capture light energy and move protons across the membrane
What is the main function of the β-barrel structure in membranes?
To allow small molecules to diffuse across the membrane
What is the characteristic of lipid-linked proteins in membranes?
They are anchored in the lipid bilayer by a covalently attached lipid group
What is the fluid mosaic model of membrane structure?
A model of membrane protein diffusion
What is the role of highly polar residues in integral membrane proteins?
To mark the point where the polypeptide leaves the membrane
What can limit the mobility of proteins in the membrane?
Their interaction with cytoskeletal proteins
What type of protein moves a single substance at a time?
Uniporter
What is the direction of movement of sodium ions through a symport protein?
Into the cell
What is the purpose of the Na,K-ATPase pump in the cell?
To establish a concentration gradient of sodium and potassium ions
What is the direction of movement of glucose through a uniport protein?
Out of the cell
What is the energy source for the transport of Na+ and K+ ions?
The reaction of converting ATP to ADP + Pi
What is the result of secondary active transport?
Transport of molecules against their concentration gradient
This quiz covers the structure and functions of different types of lipids, including amphipathic lipids, sphingolipids, glycolipids, cholesterol, and ubiquinone.
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