Lipid Digestion and Absorption

The small intestine

CCK signals the gallbladder to release bile and the pancreas to release digestive enzymes, including pancreatic lipase.

Bile salts emulsify lipids, keeping them dispersed in the watery environment of the small intestine.

<p>They are breakdown products of triglycerides, with monoglycerides having one fatty acid chain and diglycerides having two fatty acid chains.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gastric lipase breaks down some fat before it enters the duodenum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Salivary lipase is activated in the stomach and breaks down some triglycerides.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Emulsification keeps lipids dispersed in the watery environment of the small intestine, making them more accessible to digestive enzymes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Triglycerides require special enzymes called lipases to break them down before they can be absorbed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To surround lipids, forming micelles, which increases the surface area of the lipids, allowing pancreatic lipase to have greater access to the lipid molecules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Monoglycerides and fatty acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To remove two fatty acids from a phospholipid molecule, leaving a fragment containing the phosphate region.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is absorbed directly by small intestinal cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glycerol, fatty acids, monoglycerides, and phospholipid fragments</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Directly into the portal bloodstream of villi</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To transport lipids through the bloodstream as a type of lipoprotein.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Through the lymphatic system, which transports them to the thoracic duct, and then into the bloodstream through the left subclavian vein.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To break down chylomicrons' load of triglycerides into fatty acids and glycerol.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because they are more easily absorbed by the small intestine than long-chain triglycerides, making them useful for treating conditions that interfere with fat digestion and absorption.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The fatty acids and glycerol molecules are used for energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To recycle bile salts from the intestinal tract.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because a gram of fat supplies 9 kcal, whereas a gram of carbohydrate or protein provides only 4 kcal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To store large amounts of fat (triglycerides) and release fatty acids and glycerol into the bloodstream when needed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can be converted into fatty acids that are used to make triglycerides.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The liver clears cholesterol-rich remnants from the bloodstream and uses their contents to synthesize new lipids and other lipoproteins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It transports chylomicrons from the small intestine to the thoracic duct, where they enter the bloodstream.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The liver clears them from the bloodstream and converts them into glucose molecules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can reduce blood cholesterol levels because the liver must use cholesterol to make new bile salts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alcohol stimulates triglyceride synthesis, leading to excess body fat accumulation.</p> Signup and view all the answers