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Questions and Answers
What does a umask value of 002 mean for new files created in the system?
What does a umask value of 002 mean for new files created in the system?
- Files will have read and write permissions for all users.
- Files will have read, write, and execute permissions for all users.
- Files will have no write permissions for the group and others. (correct)
- Files will only be executable by the owner.
Which chmod command would you use to grant read, write, and execute permissions to the owner, and only read permissions to the group and others?
Which chmod command would you use to grant read, write, and execute permissions to the owner, and only read permissions to the group and others?
- chmod 700 filename
- chmod 644 filename
- chmod 777 filename
- chmod 755 filename (correct)
What octal value represents having no permissions at all?
What octal value represents having no permissions at all?
- 1
- 5
- 0 (correct)
- 3
When the default umask is set to 000, what will be the default permissions for a newly created directory?
When the default umask is set to 000, what will be the default permissions for a newly created directory?
What is the effect of the command 'chmod 644 practice' on the permissions of the file named 'practice'?
What is the effect of the command 'chmod 644 practice' on the permissions of the file named 'practice'?
What does the 'd' at the beginning of the mode field indicate?
What does the 'd' at the beginning of the mode field indicate?
What characters in the mode field represent the permissions for the user (owner) of the file?
What characters in the mode field represent the permissions for the user (owner) of the file?
How would you add read permission for the user (owner) of a file named 'list1' using chmod?
How would you add read permission for the user (owner) of a file named 'list1' using chmod?
In the command 'chmod g-w list1', what is the effect of this command?
In the command 'chmod g-w list1', what is the effect of this command?
Which of the following best describes what the 'chmod' command does?
Which of the following best describes what the 'chmod' command does?
What does the last three characters in the mode field represent?
What does the last three characters in the mode field represent?
If a file's permission string is 'rw-r--r--', which of the following groups has write permission?
If a file's permission string is 'rw-r--r--', which of the following groups has write permission?
When using symbolic values with chmod, what does the '+' symbol signify?
When using symbolic values with chmod, what does the '+' symbol signify?
What is the effect of using the command 'chmod a-rwx practice'?
What is the effect of using the command 'chmod a-rwx practice'?
Which command would you use to allow write permission for the group and others in a directory named 'docs'?
Which command would you use to allow write permission for the group and others in a directory named 'docs'?
What happens when the command 'chmod u-x sport' is executed and the user tries to enter the 'sport' directory?
What happens when the command 'chmod u-x sport' is executed and the user tries to enter the 'sport' directory?
If 'r', 'w', and 'x' respectively represent read, write, and execute permissions, what does the octal representation of 'rwx' equal?
If 'r', 'w', and 'x' respectively represent read, write, and execute permissions, what does the octal representation of 'rwx' equal?
What command correctly sets the permissions of a file to allow read and write access for all users while removing execute permission?
What command correctly sets the permissions of a file to allow read and write access for all users while removing execute permission?
When using octal values with the chmod command, which represents no permissions?
When using octal values with the chmod command, which represents no permissions?
What is the outcome of executing 'chmod go-w practice' on the directory?
What is the outcome of executing 'chmod go-w practice' on the directory?
To set only read permission for the group on a file named 'file.txt', which command should you use?
To set only read permission for the group on a file named 'file.txt', which command should you use?
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Study Notes
File and Directory Permissions
- The mode field in the
ls -lcommand output shows file permissions. - A "d" at the start of the mode field indicates a directory, a "-" shows a file, and an "l" signifies a link to another file.
- The mode field has three sections: user, group, and others, each with read, write, and execute permissions represented by "r", "w", and "x".
- Hyphens within the mode field indicate that a permission is not granted.
The chmod Command
- The
chmodcommand changes file or directory permissions. - It can be used with symbolic or octal values.
- Symbolic specifications include class of user (u, g, o, a), how permissions are changed (+, -, =), and permissions (r, w, x).
- Octal specifications use a 3-digit number representing the combined permissions (read = 4, write = 2, execute = 1).
The umask Command
- The
umaskcommand controls the default permissions given to newly created files and directories. - The system administrator usually sets the initial umask value.
- The initial umask is typically 000, resulting in default directory permissions of 777 (rwxrwxrwx).
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