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Questions and Answers
Which of the following is a way to limit access to sensitive applications?
What does the character '-' generally represent in Linux file permissions?
What does the second segment in Linux file permissions represent?
What does the third segment in Linux file permissions represent?
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What does the last segment in Linux file permissions represent?
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What identifiers can be used for network ACLs to filter access?
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What is a Media Access Control (MAC) address?
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Why is changing a network interface's Media Access Control (MAC) address not a good choice for a unique identifier of a device on the network?
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What is one disadvantage of using Media Access Control (MAC) address filtering as a form of network-oriented ACLs?
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What is the purpose of running sensitive applications in sandboxes?
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Which protocol uses port 143 for managing email?
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How many ports are there in total?
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Which service uses ports 20 and 21 to transfer files?
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What is CSRF?
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Which port is used by Secure Shell (SSH) to manage remote connections to systems?
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What type of attacks are client-side attacks?
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What is the purpose of filtering traffic by network port?
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What type of code might be sent through the web browser and executed on the local machine?
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What is the purpose of embedding a link in a web page or HTML based email in a CSRF attack?
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What is the main reason software vendors have begun building defensive measures into their software?
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Study Notes
Access Limitation and File Permissions
- Access to sensitive applications can be limited through various methods including user authentication, network security protocols, and application sandboxes.
- In Linux file permissions, the character '-' represents a regular file, while other characters indicate different permission types or directory status.
- The second segment in Linux file permissions indicates the group permissions, dictating what users assigned to that group can do with the file.
- The third segment represents the others' permissions, specifying access levels for all users not in the file's owner or group.
- The last segment of Linux file permissions denotes special permissions, such as setuid, setgid, and sticky bit.
Network Security and MAC Addresses
- Network Access Control Lists (ACLs) can filter access using identifiers such as IP addresses, user roles, or specific applications.
- A Media Access Control (MAC) address uniquely identifies a device on a network, distinct from IP addresses which can change.
- Changing a device's MAC address is not a reliable unique identifier because it can be easily spoofed, leading to security vulnerabilities.
- One disadvantage of using MAC address filtering as a network-oriented ACL is its susceptibility to spoofing, where attackers can impersonate authorized devices.
Applications and Protocols
- Running sensitive applications in sandboxes isolates them from the rest of the system, reducing the risk of exploitation and data leaks.
- The Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP), which manages emails, operates on port 143, allowing users to access their email accounts.
- The total number of ports available for network communication is 65,536.
- File Transfer Protocol (FTP) utilizes ports 20 and 21 for transferring files between systems.
Security Vulnerabilities and Attacks
- Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) is a type of attack that tricks a user into executing unwanted actions on a different site where they are authenticated.
- Secure Shell (SSH) manages remote connections to systems on port 22, providing a secure channel over an unsecured network.
- Client-side attacks compromise the user's browser or machine, exploiting weaknesses in client applications, such as web browsers.
- Traffic filtering by network port helps to manage and control the types of data that can enter or leave a network, enhancing security.
Code Execution and Email Security
- Malicious code such as JavaScript or other scripts can be sent through web browsers and executed locally, posing security risks.
- In a CSRF attack, embedding a link in a web page or HTML-based email deceptively directs a user to perform actions on a target website without their consent.
- Software vendors increasingly build defensive measures into their software to protect against vulnerabilities and prevent exploitation by malicious entities.
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Description
Test your knowledge on access control and permissions in Linux-based operating systems. Learn about sandboxes, file types, and command line usage for managing user files.
