Linguistics: Syntax and Morphology

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What is the focus of pedagogical grammar?

To focus on formal and functional grammars
To meet the needs of second-language students and teachers (correct)
To provide rules for standard language varieties
To draw on insights from phonetics and phonology

What is the primary concern of applied linguists when teaching grammar?

To ensure formal accuracy of grammatical structures
To teach standard language varieties only
To focus on descriptive grammar
To enable students to use grammar meaningfully and appropriately (correct)

Which aspect of language is concerned with the study of word forms and their construction?

Phonetics
Morphology (correct)
Syntax
Semantics

What is the term for a grammar that aims to provide a comprehensive and detailed description of a language?

Descriptive grammar (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a grammar that is focused on teaching and learning a language?

Pedagogical grammar (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between a descriptive grammar and a prescriptive grammar?

Descriptive grammar is more focused on language description, while prescriptive grammar is more focused on language prescription (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the study of the sound system of a language?

Phonology (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the study of the meaning of words and phrases?

Semantics (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main limitation of grammatical descriptions according to the text?

The interdependence of grammar and lexis (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a grammatical regularity conditioned by a lexical item?

The use of the past morpheme -ed with regular verbs (B) Signup and view all the answers

Why is it difficult to isolate grammar and lexis into separate categories?

Because grammar and lexis are interdependent (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the implication of the interdependence of grammar and lexis on linguistic descriptions?

Linguistic descriptions become less accurate (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of how a lexical item can restrict grammatical structures?

The use of the progressive aspect with certain lexical items (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of abstracting away from the overall language system when making general statements about grammar?

Somewhat artificial descriptions of grammar (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common approach to describing grammar?

Describing grammar in isolation from lexis (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the implication of the 'written bias' in linguistic descriptions?

Linguistic descriptions become more limited (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary limitation of models consisting of abstract rules of sentence syntax?

They cannot account for phrasal units in language. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the evidence from first language acquisition studies indicating?

They learn lexical phrases as individual wholes and then analyze them as to particular grammatical patterns. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the growing interest in investigating the implications of formulaic language for?

Descriptive grammars and how the components of syntax and lexicon interact with each other and with discourse level concerns. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of applied linguists in the context of grammar learning?

To explain the learning and improve the teaching of grammar. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary theory of learning grammar in the middle of the previous century?

Verbal 'habit formation' through stimulus-response conditioning. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of pattern practice drills in language teaching?

To help students overcome the habits of their native language and inculcate those of the target language. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of lexical phrases in language?

They are learned first as unanalysed chunks and then analyzed as to particular grammatical patterns. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of corpus linguistics?

The study of language in use and the analysis of large databases of language samples. (B) Signup and view all the answers