Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which aspect of language development focuses on the appropriate use of language in social contexts?
Which aspect of language development focuses on the appropriate use of language in social contexts?
- Syntax
- Pragmatics (correct)
- Morphology
- Semantics
The creation of the phrase 'social distancing' by combining 'social' and 'distancing' to express a new concept is an example of which of the following?
The creation of the phrase 'social distancing' by combining 'social' and 'distancing' to express a new concept is an example of which of the following?
- Pragmatics
- Phonology
- Semantics (correct)
- Syntax
The sentence, 'Colorless green dreams sleep furiously,' highlights the rules of what?
The sentence, 'Colorless green dreams sleep furiously,' highlights the rules of what?
- Syntax (correct)
- Semantics
- Pragmatics
- Morphology
The addition of '-ish' to the end of adjectives to modify their meaning is an illustration of which component of language?
The addition of '-ish' to the end of adjectives to modify their meaning is an illustration of which component of language?
The difference in the pronunciation of 'p' in 'pie' versus 'spy' demonstrates what language principle?
The difference in the pronunciation of 'p' in 'pie' versus 'spy' demonstrates what language principle?
Which of the following best describes the concept of 'discreteness' in human speech?
Which of the following best describes the concept of 'discreteness' in human speech?
Which of the following is a uniquely human characteristic of speech, according to the provided categories?
Which of the following is a uniquely human characteristic of speech, according to the provided categories?
According to the information provided, which of these is an example of 'arbitrariness' in language?
According to the information provided, which of these is an example of 'arbitrariness' in language?
Which of the following theories suggests that language acquisition is inherently linked to cognitive development rather than being a separate process?
Which of the following theories suggests that language acquisition is inherently linked to cognitive development rather than being a separate process?
What does the concept of 'duality of patterning' refer to in human language?
What does the concept of 'duality of patterning' refer to in human language?
Which of the following best describes 'semanticity and indexicality' in human speech?
Which of the following best describes 'semanticity and indexicality' in human speech?
What does 'displacement' refer to in the context of human communication?
What does 'displacement' refer to in the context of human communication?
What is the main idea behind the information processing theory regarding language acquisition?
What is the main idea behind the information processing theory regarding language acquisition?
What is a primary component of the 'social interactionist view' of language acquisition?
What is a primary component of the 'social interactionist view' of language acquisition?
In the context of language development, what does the term 'recursion' primarily describe?
In the context of language development, what does the term 'recursion' primarily describe?
Flashcards
Pragmatics
Pragmatics
The study of how language is used in social contexts, including how we establish and maintain relationships through communication.
Semantics
Semantics
The study of meaning in language, including the relationships between words and the way we construct ideas.
Syntax
Syntax
The study of how we combine words into grammatically correct sentences, following rules of structure.
Morphology
Morphology
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Phonology
Phonology
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Phonetics
Phonetics
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Phoneme
Phoneme
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Vocal-Auditory Channel
Vocal-Auditory Channel
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Broadcast Transmission
Broadcast Transmission
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Rapid Fading
Rapid Fading
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Total Feedback
Total Feedback
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Specialization
Specialization
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Arbitrariness
Arbitrariness
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Discreteness
Discreteness
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Traditional Transmission
Traditional Transmission
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Study Notes
Pragmatics
- Pragmatics is the use of language to build and maintain relationships.
- Examples include polite phone conversation disengagement sequences.
Semantics
- Semantics deals with the meaning behind language use.
- Vocabulary creates meaning through word relationships.
- New words are coined by combining existing words (e.g., social distancing).
Communication Development
Syntax
- Syntax involves the grammatical structure connecting different words.
- A sentence's structure can exist without meaning (e.g., "Colorless green ideas sleep furiously").
Morphology
- Morphology examines word formation using morphemes (units of meaning).
- Examples include adding "-ish" to adjectives ("blue-ish").
Phonology
- Phonology uses phonotactic rules/constraints for sound combinations.
- Sounds change based on surrounding sounds (e.g., "p" in "pie" vs. "spy").
Phonetics
- Phonetics encompasses speech sound articulation, perception, and acoustics.
- Speech sounds may differ in production/perception (e.g., the "t" in "wider").
Human Speech Characteristics Shared With Other Species
- Vocal-Auditory Channel: Sound production via the mouth, heard by the ear.
- Broadcast Transmission and Directional Reception: Sound waves carry the vocalizations.
- Rapid Fading: Vocalizations have a time limit.
- Total Feedback: Sender and receiver acknowledge the message.
- Specialization: Vocalizations are designed for communication.
- Arbitrariness: No inherent link between sounds and meaning.
- Discreteness: Sounds vary, but are limited and distinct.
- Traditional Transmission: Instinctive and biological acquisition.
Limited or Rare Human Speech Characteristics Shared With Other Species
- Interchangeability: Unrestricted communication across age and gender.
- Semanticity and Indexicality: Messages with multiple meanings based on context, background, and non-vocal/dialect cues.
- Productivity: Creative combinations of symbols for communication.
- Displacement: Communication beyond present time & place.
Human Speech Characteristics Restricted to Humans
- Duality of Patterning: Combining sounds infinitely for words & sentences.
- Recursion: Complex and embedded language arrangements (using words in sentences).
- Prevarication: Ability to deceive/create expression for art.
- Reflexivity: Talking about language itself.
- Learnability: Acquiring language via environment, cognitive ability, and social context.
Language Acquisition Theories
Semantic View
- Language acquisition is a generative process, driven by semantic relationships, not just structure.
- Similar to nativist views (Chomsky 1957, Fillmore 1968).
Cognitive View
- Language acquisition is linked to cognitive development (Piaget).
- Cognitive organization/development, not language itself is innate.
- Language acquisition is intertwined with cognitive development.
- Information processing theory: parallel processing of information (unlike serial processing).
Social Interactionist View
- Language acquisition arises from biological & environmental interactions.
- Language development is a consequence of social interaction.
- A "Language Acquisition Support System (LASS)" is necessary.
- Developmental stages exist in language acquisition.
- Vygotsky's Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) needs to connect with LASS for cognitive/linguistic development.
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