Linguistics Lecture: Age as a Factor in Sociolinguistic Variation
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Questions and Answers

In the context of linguistics, what does age-grading refer to?

  • The process of assigning a grade to a person's speech based on their age
  • The phenomenon where people change their usage of a variable as they age (correct)
  • The classification of language based on the age at which it was learned
  • The study of linguistic changes in different age groups

    • According to the apparent-time model, how is age used to study language change?

  • By comparing the language proficiency of people from different age groups
  • By observing the linguistic behavior of individuals over time
  • By analyzing the changes in language over time periods
  • By simulating the passage of time and comparing speakers of different ages at one point in time (correct)

    • Which age group is more likely to use standard variants of (ing) in Porirua, New Zealand, according to Holmes et al. 1991?

  • Younger speakers
  • Middle-aged speakers (correct)
  • Older speakers
  • Adolescents

    • What is the linguistic marketplace effect related to adolescents becoming adults?

    <p>They adjust toward the standard once they enter the workforce</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using the apparent-time model in studying language change?

    <p>To simulate the passage of time and study changes in language usage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, what is a key assumption underlying the apparent-time model?

    <p>Individual speakers’ linguistic systems remain mostly stable over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the critical period hypothesis related to?

    <p>Linguistic features</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does generational change refer to?

    <p>Community changes while individuals remain stable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the opposite of age grading?

    <p>Generational change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can help differentiate between age-grading and apparent-time change?

    <p>Real-time data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of study involves collecting new data from the same individuals at a later date?

    <p>Panel study</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Montréal corpus study involve?

    <p>Collecting new data from the same individuals at a later date</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In 1971, what age group was more likely to use a uvular pronunciation of /r/?

    <p>Younger speakers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the 1984 trend portion of the Montréal corpus study confirm?

    <p>[R] usage increased compared to 1971</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the apparent-time interpretation of the Montréal corpus study data?

    <p>The language of the speech community is changing toward the form used by younger speakers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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