15 Questions
In the context of linguistics, what does age-grading refer to?
The phenomenon where people change their usage of a variable as they age
According to the apparent-time model, how is age used to study language change?
By simulating the passage of time and comparing speakers of different ages at one point in time
Which age group is more likely to use standard variants of (ing) in Porirua, New Zealand, according to Holmes et al. 1991?
Middle-aged speakers
What is the linguistic marketplace effect related to adolescents becoming adults?
They adjust toward the standard once they enter the workforce
What is the purpose of using the apparent-time model in studying language change?
To simulate the passage of time and study changes in language usage
According to the text, what is a key assumption underlying the apparent-time model?
Individual speakers’ linguistic systems remain mostly stable over time
What is the critical period hypothesis related to?
Linguistic features
What does generational change refer to?
Community changes while individuals remain stable
What is the opposite of age grading?
Generational change
What can help differentiate between age-grading and apparent-time change?
Real-time data
What type of study involves collecting new data from the same individuals at a later date?
Panel study
What does the Montréal corpus study involve?
Collecting new data from the same individuals at a later date
In 1971, what age group was more likely to use a uvular pronunciation of /r/?
Younger speakers
What did the 1984 trend portion of the Montréal corpus study confirm?
[R] usage increased compared to 1971
What is the apparent-time interpretation of the Montréal corpus study data?
The language of the speech community is changing toward the form used by younger speakers.
Explore the impact of age on stable sociolinguistic variation in this lecture. Delve into age-grading and its influence on linguistic variation, as well as the specific case of (ing) usage in Porirua, New Zealand, as discussed by Holmes et al. in 1991.
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